Solar cell and manufacturing method thereof

A method for manufacturing a solar cell, comprising:

• providing a substrate including a first surface and an opposing second surface;
• forming a doped layer by performing doping treatment on at least the first surface using a first doping element;
• forming activated portions by performing first laser treatment on portions of the doped layer, wherein the doped layer further includes doped portions other than the activated portions, and doping concentration of the first doping element in the activated portions is lower than doping concentration in the doped portions;
• removing the activated portions and forming first textured surfaces by performing first etching treatment on the first surface, wherein the doped portions function as dead layers;
• forming a first doped polycrystalline silicon layer including a second doping element and a first silicon glass layer on a side of the substrate away from the doped portions, wherein the first silicon glass layer is formed on a surface of the first doped polycrystalline silicon layer away from the substrate;
• forming porous portions of the first silicon glass layer by performing second laser treatment on at least first portions of the first silicon glass layer;
• and
• removing the porous portions and first portions of the first doped polycrystalline silicon layer beneath the porous portions and forming second textured surfaces by performing second etching treatment on at least the side of the substrate away from the doped portions, wherein remaining second portions of the first silicon glass layer after removal of the porous portions function as protection layers;
• wherein the first doping element has a conductivity type different from that of the second doping element, the first laser treatment uses a laser of a first type, and the second laser treatment uses a laser of a second type different from the first type.