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US 2026/0269147 A1Published application
Polyvinyl alcohol, lithium sulfate, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate gel electrolyte
AssigneeKing Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
InventorsAbubakar Dahiru SHUAIBU, Atif Saeed ALZAHRANI, Md. Abdul AZIZ
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Abstract
A gel electrolyte includes a polyvinyl alcohol, lithium sulfate, and a 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate. The gel electrolyte is porous having an average pore diameter of 20 to 30 micrometers (μm) and an average pore wall thickness of 5 to 10 μm. The gel electrolyte comprises spherical nodules having a diameter of 5 to 500 μm.
Claims20
1:
- A gel electrolyte, comprising:
- a polyvinyl alcohol;
- lithium sulfate;
- and
- a 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate,
- wherein the gel electrolyte is porous having an average pore diameter of 20 to 30 μm and an average pore wall thickness of 5 to 10 μm,
- wherein the gel electrolyte comprises spherical nodules having a diameter of 5 to 500 μm.
4 more elements
2:
- The gel electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the gel electrolyte is made by a process comprising:
- dissolving the polyvinyl alcohol in water to form a first solution;
- dissolving the lithium sulfate in water to form a second solution;
- mixing the first solution and the second solution to form a third solution;
- mixing the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate with the third solution at a temperature of 80 to 100° C. for 1 to 3 hours to form a mixture;
- and
- freezing and thawing the mixture to form the gel electrolyte.
4 more elements
3:
- The gel electrolyte of claim 2, wherein a weight ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the lithium sulfate to the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate is 1-3:0.5-1.5:1-3.
4:
- The gel electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the gel electrolyte comprises carbon in an amount of 46 to 50 percent by weight (wt. %), oxygen in an amount of 34 to 38 wt. %, sulfur in an amount of 6 to 12 wt. %, and fluorine in an amount of 5 to 8 wt. % based on a total weight of the gel electrolyte.
5:
- The gel electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the gel electrolyte has a nanoindentation hardness of 2.4 to 3 MPa.
6:
- The gel electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the gel electrolyte has an elastic modulus of 0.04 to 0.08 GPa.
7:
- The gel electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the gel electrolyte has a glass transition temperature of 140 to 160° C.
8:
- The gel electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the gel electrolyte has an ionic conductivity of 12 to 15 mS/cm at a temperature of 25° C.
9:
- The gel electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the gel electrolyte has an ionic conductivity of 29 to 34 mS/cm at a temperature of 80° C.
10:
- A symmetric supercapacitor, comprising:
- a positive electrode and a negative electrode comprising a date stone activated carbon mixture coated on stainless steel;
- and
- the gel electrolyte of claim 1,
- wherein the gel electrolyte separates the positive electrode and the negative electrode,
- wherein the positive electrode, the gel electrolyte, and the negative electrode are enclosed in a coin cell.
3 more elements
11:
- The symmetric supercapacitor of claim 10, wherein the symmetric supercapacitor has an operating potential window of 4.3 to 4.7 V.
12:
- The symmetric supercapacitor of claim 10, wherein the symmetric supercapacitor has a specific capacitance of 80 to 85 F/g over an operating potential window of 2 V via cyclic voltammetry.
13:
- The symmetric supercapacitor of claim 10, wherein the symmetric supercapacitor has a specific capacitance of 110 to 115 F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s via cyclic voltammetry.
14:
- The symmetric supercapacitor of claim 10, wherein the symmetric supercapacitor has a specific capacitance of 115 to 120 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g via galvanostatic charge/discharge tests.
15:
- The symmetric supercapacitor of claim 10, wherein the symmetric supercapacitor has a specific capacitance of 55 to 60 F/g at a current density of 5 A/g via galvanostatic charge/discharge tests.
16:
- The symmetric supercapacitor of claim 10, wherein the symmetric supercapacitor has a bulk resistance of 4.5 to 5.5 ohms.
17:
- The symmetric supercapacitor of claim 10, wherein the symmetric supercapacitor has a bulk resistance of 6.5 to 7 ohms after 1000 charge and discharge cycles.
18:
- The symmetric supercapacitor of claim 10, wherein the symmetric supercapacitor has an energy density of 60 to 70 Wh/kg at a power density of 500 W/kg.
19:
- The symmetric supercapacitor of claim 10, wherein the symmetric supercapacitor has a capacitance retention of 85 to 90% of an initial capacitance after 10,000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles at a current load of 10 A/g.
20:
- The symmetric supercapacitor of claim 10, wherein the symmetric supercapacitor has a coulombic efficiency of at least 98% after 10,000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles at a current load of 10 A/g.