Thermal management apparatus having reduced complexity for use in thermal management system

A thermal management system for a vehicle, said system comprising:

• a thermal management apparatus comprising:
• a housing having an inlet port and an outlet port for the working fluid, the housing including an internal plate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the second surface including one or more internal plate flow restrictor components;
• and
• a heating plate disposed within the housing adjacent to and spaced from the internal plate, the heating plate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface of the heating plate including one or more heating plate flow restrictor components and the second surface of the heating plate including one or more heating elements,
• wherein the one or more heating plate flow restrictor components on the first surface of the heating plate and the one or more internal plate flow restrictor components on the second surface of the internal plate each partially define a flow path for the working fluid therebetween with the one or more heating elements in thermal communication with the flow path for heating the working fluid as the working fluid flows through the flow path between the inlet port and the outlet port;
• and
• a controller configured to operate the thermal management apparatus.