One-pot electrospun spinel ferrite/perovskite oxide nanofiber catalysts for energy harvesting and conversion

A method of producing a heterostructure, the method comprising:

• preparing solution (a) comprising:
• combining water, methanol, and glacial acetic acid to produce a first co-solvent system;
• adding, to the first co-solvent system, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer to produce a first mixture;
• and
• adding, to the first mixture, a first metal ferrite precursor salt, to produce solution (a);
• and
• preparing solution (b) comprising:
• combining water, methanol, and acetic acid to produce a second co-solvent system;
• adding, to the second co-solvent system, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer to produce a second mixture;
• adding, to the second mixture, at least two acetate salts, wherein the at least two acetate salts are different, to produce solution (b);
• stirring solution (b) at room temperature;
• decreasing a pH to 1.5 to fully dissolve the at least two acetate salts;
• spraying solution (a) through a first needle onto a rotating drum;
• spraying solution (b), simultaneously with solution (a), through a second needle onto the rotating drum, wherein the first needle and the second needle are configured concentrically, to produce a mixing zone at an exit end of the first needle and the second needle;
• rotating the drum at room temperature and simultaneously collecting a precursor fiber;
• and
• heating, in a furnace, the precursor fiber to produce a spinel ferrite/perovskite oxide catalyst.