Intranasal epinephrine formulations and methods of use

A method of treating a type-1 hypersensitivity reaction in a human comprising intranasally administering to the human with the type-1 hypersensitivity reaction two or more doses of a pharmaceutical formulation of epinephrine, or a salt thereof;

• wherein each dose comprises between about 1.0 mg and about 2.0 mg of epinephrine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, dodecyl maltoside, and water in a volume between about 50 μL and about 200 μL per dose;
• wherein the second dose is intranasally administered within 10 minutes of the first dose;
• wherein each dose is intranasally administered in the same nostril;
• wherein each dose provides plasma epinephrine concentrations in the human that are efficacious for the elimination of, and/or for the prevention of, the further progression of one, more than one, or all of the symptoms of the type-1 hypersensitivity reaction in the human;
• or
• wherein the first dose provides inadequate plasma epinephrine concentrations in the human that are efficacious for the elimination of, and/or for the prevention of, the further progression of one, more than one, or all of the symptoms of the type-1 hypersensitivity reaction in the human;
• and the intranasal administration of the second dose provides plasma epinephrine concentrations in the human that are efficacious for the elimination of, and/or for the prevention of the further progression of one, more than one, or all of the symptoms of the type-1 hypersensitivity reaction in the human.