A simulation device for consolidation and settlement with a variable confinement constraint, comprising an outer front plate, an outer rear plate, an outer left side plate, an outer right side plate, and a bottom plate, wherein a left edge and a right edge of the outer front plate are respectively connected to a front edge of the outer left side plate and a front edge of the outer right side plate, a left edge and a right edge of the outer rear plate are respectively connected to a rear edge of the outer left side plate and a rear edge of the outer right side plate, a bottom edge of the outer front plate, a bottom edge of the outer rear plate, a bottom edge of the outer left side plate, and a bottom edge of the outer right side plate are connected to a top surface of the bottom plate, and the outer front plate, the outer rear plate, the outer left side plate, and the outer right side plate form an outer side frame;
- further comprising a pressure cover, an inner front plate, an inner rear plate, an inner left side plate, and an inner right side plate, wherein the inner rear plate is located on an inner side of the outer rear plate, a left edge and a right edge of the inner rear plate are respectively connected to the outer left side plate and the outer right side plate, a bottom edge of the inner rear plate is connected to the top surface of the bottom plate, and the inner rear plate and the outer rear plate are rigidly connected by a supporting column;
- inner side-plate slide rails are respectively arranged at positions on an inner side surface of the inner rear plate adjacent to the left edge and the right edge of the inner rear plate and positions on an inner side surface of the outer front plate adjacent to the left edge and the right edge of the outer front plate, and through the inner side-plate slide rails, a front edge and a rear edge of the inner left side plate are respectively connected to the outer front plate and the inner rear plate, and a front edge and a rear edge of the inner right side plate are respectively connected to the outer front plate and the inner rear plate;
- inner front-plate slide rails are respectively arranged at a position on an inner side surface of the inner left side plate adjacent to the outer front plate and a position on an inner side surface of the inner right side plate adjacent to the outer front plate, a telescopic cylinder is arranged inside the inner front plate, two telescopic bars are respectively arranged at a left end and a right end of the telescopic cylinder, and the two telescopic bars at the left end and the right end of the telescopic cylinder are respectively connected to the inner left side plate and the inner right side plate through the inner front-plate slide rails;
- a bottom edge of the inner front plate, a bottom edge of the inner left side plate, and a bottom edge of the inner right side plate are in contact with the bottom plate, a test area is defined by the inner rear plate, the inner front plate, the inner left side plate, and the inner right side plate, and pressure sensors are arranged on the bottom plate within the test area;
- a first hydraulic cylinder and a first limiting block are arranged between the inner front plate and the outer front plate, a second hydraulic cylinder and a second limiting block are arranged between the inner left side plate and the outer left side plate, a third hydraulic cylinder and a third limiting block are arranged between the inner right side plate and the outer right side plate, limiting grooves are respectively provided on the inner side surface of the outer front plate, an inner side surface of the outer left side plate, and an inner side surface of the outer right side plate, and on an outer side surface of the inner front plate, an outer side surface of the inner left side plate, and an outer side surface of the inner right side plate, and two ends of each of the first limiting block, the second limiting block, and the third limiting block are respectively engaged with two respective ones of the limiting grooves;
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- the pressure cover comprises a cover body, a central disc, a pressure column, and a pressure plate, a shape and a size of the cover body match a shape and a size of the outer side frame, the central disc is arranged at a center of the cover body, an upper end and a lower end of the pressure column are respectively connected to a lower end surface of the central disc and an upper end surface of the pressure plate, the pressure plate is located above the test area, and the pressure cover is detachably connected to the outer side frame.