Composition comprising base oil and ashless ionic liquid

A composition comprising:

• a base oil;
• and
• an ionic liquid having an anionic portion having formula Ia:
• and
• a cationic portion having formula Ib:
• (
• X
• )
• n
• a
• +
• (
• Ib
• )
• where:
• each R1 is independently selected from a linear or branched C1-C20 aliphatic hydrocarbyl group that is saturated or unsaturated, a C6-C10 aryl group, and a 5-10 membered heteroaromatic ring system,
• where the C1-C20 aliphatic hydrocarbyl group is not interrupted or is interrupted by one or more groups selected from an aromatic or non-aromatic ring system having from 5 to 14 atoms, an ester group, an amide group, and a carbamate group, and
• where the C1-C20 aliphatic hydrocarbyl group is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, primary amino, secondary amino and tertiary amino, where the secondary and tertiary amino groups are substituted by one or two C1-10 hydrocarbyl groups, respectively;
• R2 is selected from the group consisting of a linear, branched or cyclic C1-C40 aliphatic hydrocarbyl group that is saturated or unsaturated, a linear or branched C2-C40 polyalkyleneglycol group, a C6-C22 aryl group, a moiety formed by removing two hydroxyl groups from a sugar alcohol, and a moiety formed by removing two hydroxyl groups from a dehydrated sugar alcohol or isosorbide,
• where the linear or branched C1-C40 aliphatic hydrocarbyl group and the linear or branched C2-C40 polyalkyleneglycol are saturated or unsaturated,
• where the linear or branched C1-C40 aliphatic hydrocarbyl group and the linear or branched C2-C40 polyalkyleneglycol is not interrupted or is interrupted by one or more groups selected from an aromatic or non-aromatic ring system having from 5 to 14 atoms, an ester group, an amide group, and a carbamate group,
• where the linear or branched C1-C40 aliphatic hydrocarbyl group and the linear or branched C2-C40 polyalkyleneglycol are unsubstituted or substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, primary amino, secondary amino and tertiary amino, where the secondary and tertiary amino groups are substituted by one or two C1-10 hydrocarbyl groups, respectively;
• X represents a cationic species, where a is 1 or 2 and n is 1 or 2, provided that:
• when a is 1 then n is 2, and
• when a is 2 then n is 1;
• and
• each J independently represents O or NRN, where RN represents H or a C1-C18 alkyl or alkenyl group.