Multimodal functional brain sensor

An apparatus, comprising:

• an intraosseous appliance shaped for insertion in, and removal from, a cranial burr hole, the intraosseous appliance comprising a plurality of channels having respective proximal openings in a proximal extradermal surface of the intraosseous appliance;
• and
• at least one group of optical components, each of the optical components comprising one of an emitter and a detector, the at least one group selected from:
• (i) a first group of optical components adapted to reside at least partly within respective channels having distal openings in a distal base of the intraosseous appliance so as to establish respective optical paths between respective distal ends of the first-group optical components and a dura of the subject, or (ii) a second group of optical components adapted to reside at least partly within respective channels having distal openings in a lateral surface of the intraosseous appliance so as to establish respective optical paths between respective distal ends of the second-group optical components and a bone wall of the burr hole, and (iii) a third group of optical components adapted to reside at least partly within respective channels having distal openings in an extradermal surface of the intraosseous appliance that is not the proximal extradermal surface so as to establish respective optical paths between respective distal ends of the third-group optical components and skin of the subject.