Treatment of atopic dermatitis using self-replicating rna expressing il-31

Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) that encodes a fusion protein comprising canine IL-31 fused to Lumazine synthase or canine IL-31 fused to diphtheria toxoid;

• or that encodes a protein comprising IL-31, an IL-31 variant, or an immunogenic fragment or epitope thereof;
• or that encodes a protein comprising IL31RA or that encodes a protein encoding Oncostatin M receptor β (OSMRβ) or an immunogenic fragment or epitope thereof;
• which comprises in any order:
• (a) a first nucleic acid sequence comprising nsP1, nsP2, nsP3 and nsP4 that encode non-structural proteins of an alphavirus, and
• (b) a second nucleic acid sequence that encodes IL-31, the IL-31 variant, or the immunogenic fragment or epitope thereof, and/or a second nucleic acid sequence that encodes IL3IRA and/or Oncostatin M receptor β (OSMRβ) or an immunogenic fragment or epitope thereof;
• and
• (c) wherein the saRNA comprises a 5′ cap, a 5′ UTR upstream of the first nucleic acid sequence, a 26S promoter upstream of the second nucleic acid sequence, a 3′UTR, and a poly A tail;
• which saRNA when incorporated into a cell expresses a protein comprising IL-31, the IL-31 variant, IL31RA, and/or Oncostatin M receptor β or an immunogenic fragment or epitope of any thereof.