System for distributing quantum keys using correction of the polarization of photons

A transmitter configured to transmit a multiplexed signal (S1) through a transmission channel, wherein said transmitter comprises:

• a signal generator configured to generate an initial quantum signal (SQ0), a first reference signal (R01) and a second reference signal (R02),
• a polarization encoder comprising a plurality of N optical channels (Bn), the polarization encoder further comprising:
• an optical selector configured to select one of said optical channels (Bn) and to pass the generated initial quantum signal (SQ0) to the selected optical channel (Bn),
• an optical recombiner configured to generate said multiplexed signal (S1), the multiplexed signal comprising a first signal (R11) for controlling a first polarization-encoding value (P1), a second signal (R12) for controlling a second polarization-encoding value (P2), and a quantum signal (SQ1) encoded with one polarization-encoding value selected from a set of values () containing at least said first polarization-encoding value (P1) and said second polarization-encoding value (P2), said encoded quantum signal (SQ1) being determined based on said initial quantum signal (SQ0) delivered by the optical channel selected by said optical selector,
• and in that the optical channels (Bn) comprise a first optical channel (B1) comprising a first integrating unit configured to integrate said first reference signal (R01) into the first optical channel (B1) and a second optical channel (B2) comprising a second integrating unit configured to integrate the second reference signal (R02) into the second optical channel (B2), said first control signal (R11) being determined based on the first reference signal (R01) delivered by the first optical channel (B1) to the optical recombiner, and said second control signal (R12) being determined based on said second reference signal (R02) delivered by the second optical channel (B2) to the optical recombiner.