Pyranoside compounds and methods

A method for preventing or treating an inflammatory disease or disorder in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of formula (II):

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• X is cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene, or benzene, wherein;
• when X is benzene R1, R3, R5, R7, R9 and R11 are absent;
• when X is cyclohexene, either:
• R1 and R3 are absent and R1C—CR2R3 is taken to be C═CR2;
• R3 and R5 are absent and R2R3C—CR4R5 is taken to be R2C═CR4;
• R5 and R7 are absent and R4R5C—CR6R7 is taken to be R4C═CR6;
• R7 and R9 are absent and R6R7C—CR8R9 is taken to be R6C═CR8;
• R9 and R11 are absent and R8R9C—CR10R11 is taken to be R8C═CR10;
• or R11 and R1 are absent and R10R11C—CR1 is taken to be R10C═C;
• when X is cyclohexadiene, either:
• R1, R3, R5 and R7 are absent and R1C—CR2R3 and R4R5C—CR6R7 are taken to be C═CR2 and R4C═CR6;
• R1, R3, R7 and R9 are absent and R1C—CR2R3 and R6R7C—CR8R9 are taken to be C═CR2 and R6C═CR8;
• R1, R3, R9 and R11 are absent and R1C—CR2R3 and R8R9C—CR10R11 are taken to be C═CR2 and R8C═CR10;
• R3, R5, R7 and R9 are absent and R2R3C—CR4R5 and R6R7C—CR8R9 are taken to be R2C═CR4 and R6C═CR8;
• R3, R5, R9 and R11 are absent and R2R3C—CR4R5 and R8R9C—CR10R11 are taken to be R2C═CR4 and R8C═CR10;
• R3, R5, R11 and R1 are absent and R2R3C—CR4R5 and R10R11C—CR1 are taken to be R2C═CR4 and R10C═C;
• R5, R7, R9 and R11 are absent and R4R5C—CR6R7 and R8R9C—CR10R11 are taken to be R4C═CR6 and R8C═CR10;
• R5, R7, R11 and R1 are absent and R4R5C—CR6R8 and R10R11C—CR1 are taken to be R4C═CR6 and R10C═C;
• or R7, R9, R11 and R1 are absent and R6R7C—CR8R9 and R10R11C—CR1 are taken to be R6C═CR8 and R10C═C;
• Y is cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene, or benzene, wherein;
• when Y is benzene R12, R14, R16, R18, R20 and R22 are absent;
• when Y is cyclohexene, either:
• R12 and R14 are absent and R12C—CR13R14 is taken to be C═CR13;
• R14 and R16 are absent and R13R14C—CR15R16 is taken to be R13C═CR15;
• R16 and R18 are absent and R15R16C—CR17R18 is taken to be R15C═CR17;
• R18 and R20 are absent and R17R18C—CR19R20 is taken to be R17C═CR19;
• R20 and R22 are absent and R19R20C—CR21R22 is taken to be R19C═CR21;
• or R22 and R12 are absent and R21R22C—CR12 is taken to be R21C═C;
• when Y is cyclohexadiene, either:
• R12, R14, R16 and R18 are absent and R12C—CR13R14 and R15R16C—CR17R18 are taken to be C═CR13 and R15C═CR17;
• R12, R14, R18 and R20 are absent and R12C—CR13R14 and R17R18C—CR19R20 are taken to be C═CR13 and R17C═CR19;
• R12, R14, R20 and R22 are absent and R12C—CR13R14 and R19R20C—CR21R22 are taken to be C═CR13 and R19C═CR21;
• R14, R16, R18 and R20 are absent and R13R14C—CR15R16 and R17R18C—CR19R20 are taken to be R13C═CR15 and R17C═CR19;
• R14, R16, R20 and R22 are absent and R13R14C—CR15R16 and R19R20C—CR21R22 are taken to be R13C═CR15 and R19C═CR21;
• R14, R16, R22 and R12 are absent and R13R14C—CR15R16 and R21R22C—CR12 are taken to be R13C═CR15 and R21C═C;
• R16, R18, R20 and R22 are absent and R15R16C—CR17R18 and R19R20C—CR21R22 are taken to be R15C═CR17 and R19C═CR21;
• R16, R18, R22 and R12 are absent and R15R16C—CR17R18 and R21R22C—CR12 are taken to be R15C═CR17 and R21C═C;
• or R18, R20, R22 and R12 are absent and R17R18C—CR19R20 and R21R22C—CR12 are taken to be R17C═CR19 and R21C═C;
• each of R1 to R22 when present is otherwise independently selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, halogen, —CN, —SH, —C1-C10 alkyl, —C2-C10 alkenyl, —C2-C10 alkynyl, —C(O)C1-C10 alkyl, —C(O)C2-C10 alkenyl, —C(O)C2-C10 alkynyl, —OC1-C10 alkyl, —OC2-C10 alkenyl, —OC2-C10 alkynyl, —OC(O)C1-C10 alkyl, —OC(O)C2-C10 alkenyl, —OC(O)C2-C10 alkynyl, —OC(O)NHC1-C10 alkyl, —OC(O)NHC2-C10 alkenyl, —OC(O)NHC2-C10 alkynyl, and —N(R23)2, or one or more of R13 and R14, R15 and R16, R17 and R18, R19 and R20, and R21 and R22, taken together, are ═O, ═S, or ═NR23;
• each R23 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and —C1-C10 alkyl;
• and
• W is absent or selected from the group consisting of C1-C10 alkylene, C2-C10 alkenylene, C2-C10 alkynylene, C(O)C1-C10 alkylene, C(O)C2-C10 alkenylene, and C(O)C2-C10 alkynylene.