Phosphine ligands and their use in coupling reactions

A phosphine ligand of formula (I)

• where,
• R1 and R2 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C3-C14 carbocycle, substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle comprising one or two 5- or 6-member rings and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl comprising one or two 5- or 6-member rings and 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S,
• R31 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted five or six membered heterocycloalkyl,
• R32, R33, R34 are each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted N(R12)2, where R12 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl.