Methods and apparatus for fourier ptychography microscopy using coded illumination

A method of determining coding patterns for light sources of a Fourier ptychography microscopy (FPM) system, the method comprising:

• determining an initial coding matrix that specifies LED patterns for multiplexed low resolution images;
• generating single LED low resolution images;
• generating multiplexed low resolution images using the initial coding matrix and the single LED low resolution images;
• performing high resolution amplitude and phase reconstruction using an FPM algorithm and the multiplexed low resolution images;
• computing a total loss function, wherein the total loss function includes an exclusivity coupling regularization term that promotes diversity of light source patterns and sparse groupings of light sources within light source patterns of the initial coding matrix;
• determining whether coding matrix optimization is complete;
• and
• when the coding matrix optimization is not complete
• updating the initial coding matrix based on the computed total loss function to obtain an updated coding matrix,
• generating updated multiplexed low resolution images using the updated coding matrix and the single LED low resolution images,
• performing high resolution amplitude and phase reconstruction using the FPM algorithm and the updated multiplexed low resolution images,
• computing an updated total loss function, wherein the updated total loss function includes the exclusivity coupling regularization term, and
• determining whether coding matrix optimization is complete based on the updated total loss function.

A Fourier ptychographic imaging system comprising:

• a plurality of light sources configured to emit light onto a sample location;
• an optical system configured to image at least a portion of a sample positioned at the sample location;
• an image capture device configured to capture images of at last the portion of the sample through the optical system under different light conditions provided by the plurality of light sources;
• a processor;
• and
• a memory coupled to the processor and including a coding matrix that specifies light source patterns for use during capture of low resolution images by the image capture device, wherein the coding matrix includes light source patterns optimized using a loss function that includes an exclusivity coupling regularization term that promotes diversity of light source patterns and sparse groupings of light sources within light source patterns of the coding matrix;
• and
• wherein the memory includes computer executable instructions stored therein that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
• obtain the images of at least the portion of the sample positioned at the sample location, each image illuminated using a different light source pattern specified within the coding matrix,
• store the images;
• and
• initiate Fourier ptychography microscopy (FPM) reconstruction, such that a reconstructed image is generated based on the stored images.