Compounds with immunomodulatory activity and therapeutic uses thereof

A compound having a formula (II):

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
• R1 is aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl;
• R2 is a primary or secondary amine containing alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylalkynyl, alkyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, thiolalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloheteroalkenyl, cycloheteroalkenyl, acyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted;
• R3 is halo, azido, nitro, cyano, an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylalknyl, alkyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, thiolalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloheteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkenyl, acyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted;
• and
• Ar1 is an aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted,
• or a pharmaceutical composition comprising same, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with one or more diluents, excipients or carriers.

A compound having a formula (III):

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
• Ar1 is phenyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine, or phenyl(thiazol-2-yl)methanol;
• Ar2 is piperidine or pyrrolidine;
• Ar3 is phenyl, 4-halophenyl (halo=fluoro, bromo, iodo);
• and
• X is, independently, a halo, azido, nitro, cyano, an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylalkynyl, alkyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, thiolalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloheteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkenyl, acyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising same, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with one or more diluents, excipients or carriers.

A compound having a formula (IV):

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein represents a single or a double bond;
• represents an optional cyclic ring;
• R1 is hydrogen, a halo, azido, nitro, cyano, an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylalkynyl, alkyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminolalkyl, thiolalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloheteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkenyl, acyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted;
• R2 is hydrogen, a halo, azido, nitro, cyano, an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylalkynyl, alkyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, thiolalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalenyl, cycloheteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkenyl, acyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted;
• and
• X is a carbon or nitrogen,
• or a pharmaceutical composition comprising same, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with one or more diluents, excipients or carriers.

A compound having formula VI or VII:

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
• A is a carbon or a nitrogen;
• L is (CH2)n, —SO, —SO2, —CO, —CO(CH2)O, where n is 0, 1, 2;
• Ar1 is an aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted;
• R1 is halo, azido, nitro, cyano, an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylalkynyl, alkyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, thiolalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloheteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkenyl, acyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted;
• and
• R2 is H, methyl, ethyl or any alkyl;
• R3 is a halo, —OR, —NO2, cyano, —NRaRb, —N3, —S(O)2Ra, —C(alkyl), —C(cycloalkyl), C(alkynyl), C(haloalkyl), acyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted, wherein R, Ra, and Rb are independently an alkyl;
• R4 is a halo, an amino acid, a saturated or unsaturated aromatic or heteroaromatic ring, a carbohydrate derivative;
• or —(CH2)mNRaRb, wherein m=0, 1, 2;
• wherein Ra and Rb are independently an alkyl;
• or R3 and R4 are joining together to form a cyclic or a heterocyclic moiety;
• and
• R5 is a halo, —OR, —NO2, cyano, —NRaRb, —N3, —S(O)2Ra, —C(alkyl), —C(cycloalkyl), C(alkynyl), C(haloalkyl), acyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted, wherein R, Ra, and Rb are independently an alkyl,
• or a pharmaceutical composition comprising same, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with one or more diluents, excipients or carriers.

A compound having formula VIII:

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
• n is 0, 1, 2;
• A is a carbon or a nitrogen;
• R1 is halo, azido, nitro, cyano, an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylalkynyl, alkyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, thiolalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloheteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkenyl, acyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted;
• and
• R2 is independently halo, —OR, —NO2, cyano, —NRaRb, —N3, —S(O)2Ra, —C(alkyl), —C(cycloalkyl), C(alkynyl), C(haloalkyl), acyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted, wherein R, Ra, and Rb are independently an alkyl, wherein R, Ra, and Rb are independently an alkyl;
• or R2 and R3 are joining together to form a cyclic or a heterocyclic moiety;
• R3 is independently —(CH2)mNRaRb;
• where m=0 to 2, halo, any amino acid, any saturated or unsaturated aromatic or heteroaromatic rings, or a carbohydrate derivative, wherein Ra and Rb are independently an alkyl;
• R4 is independently halo, —OR, —NO2, cyano, —NRaRb, —N3, —S(O)2Ra, —C(alkyl), —C(cycloalkyl), C(alkynyl), C(haloalkyl), acyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted, wherein R, Ra, and Rb are independently an alkyl, wherein R, Ra, and Rb are independently an alkyl;
• and
• Ar1 is an aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted,
• or a pharmaceutical composition comprising same, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with one or more diluents, excipients or carriers.

A compound having formula IX:

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
• n is 0, 1, 2;
• R1 is halo, azido, nitro, cyano, an alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylalkynyl, alkyloxy, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, thiolalkyl, mercaptoalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloheteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkenyl, acyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted;
• and
• R2 is independently halo, —OR, —NO2, cyano, —NRaRb, —N3, —S(O)2Ra, —C(alkyl), —C(cycloalkyl), C(alkynyl), C(haloalkyl), acyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted, wherein R, Ra, and Rb are independently an alkyl;
• R3 is independently —(CH2)mNRaRb:
• where m=0 to 2, halo, any amino acid, any saturated or unsaturated aromatic or heteroaromatic rings, or a carbohydrate derivative, wherein Ra and Rb are independently an alkyl;
• R4 is independently halo, —OR, —NO2, cyano, —NRaRb, —N3, —S(O)2Ra, —C(alkyl), —C(cycloalkyl), C(alkynyl), C(haloalkyl), acyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted, wherein R, Ra, and Rb are independently an alkyl;
• and
• Ar1 is an aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, or arylalkynyl, each of which is optionally substituted,
• or a pharmaceutical composition comprising same, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with one or more diluents, excipients or carriers.