Methods and apparatuses for characterizing chemical substances, measuring physicochemical properties and generating control data for synthesizing chemcial substances

An apparatus for generating control data indicative of a synthesis specification for a chemical substance, the apparatus comprising:

• an input interface configured to receive sensor data indicative of one or more measurable or measured physicochemical properties of the chemical substance;
• a model engine configured to encode the received sensor data using a data driven model, wherein the data driven model is trained to map multimodal input data including sensor data and control data as modalities to encoded output data, wherein the multimodal input data is a multimodal representation including sensor data and control data as modalities, and the encoded output data is a latent space representation of the multimodal input data;
• and
• configured to generate control data indicative of a synthesis specification for the chemical substance by decoding encoded multimodal input data based on the received sensor data using the data driven model, wherein the data driven model is trained to map encoded output data to multimodal output data including sensor data and control data as modalities, and wherein the multimodal output data includes a multimodal representation including sensor data and control data as modalities.