Surface bound multi-bond aptamer sensors

A device for detecting or measuring at least one large analyte in a sample fluid, the device comprising:

• at least one substrate;
• and
• a plurality of aptamers capable of binding to the analyte, wherein the aptamers are physically bound to the substrate;
• wherein the aptamers include at least one tag capable of providing a signal and further, wherein the aptamer has a change in geometry of the aptamer when the aptamer binds to the analyte, and the at least one tag has a resulting change in signal resulting from the analyte binding to the aptamer and associated change in geometry;
• and further, wherein the aptamers further include at least a first portion with at least one tag that does not bind to the analyte, and at least a second portion which does bind to the analyte.

A device for detecting or measuring at least one analyte in a sample fluid, the device comprising:

• at least one substrate;
• and
• a plurality of aptamer pairs, each aptamer pair comprising a first aptamer and a second aptamer, wherein at least the first aptamer or second aptamer of each of the plurality of aptamer pairs are bound to the substrate;
• wherein the first aptamer includes at least one tag, and wherein the second aptamer is capable of binding the at least one analyte
• wherein, in each aptamer pair, the first aptamer and second aptamer are sufficiently complementary to hybridize to one another in the absence of analyte binding to the second aptamer, and wherein signal from the tag to the substrate occurs through the hybridized first and second aptamers;
• and
• wherein, when analyte binds to the second aptamer, the first aptamer and second aptamer separate to a degree that reduces or eliminates signal from the tag to the substrate.