Systems and methods for ultrasound neuromodulation of desired anatomical targets

A patient-external ultrasound therapy system for providing therapeutic ultrasound toward a spleen of a human patient to activate a Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway (CAP) while maintaining a desired internal body temperature of the spleen and of nearby organs and bones, the system comprising:

• a therapeutic ultrasound transducer array, arranged to be located or positioned to direct composite therapeutic ultrasound energy from the transducer array toward the spleen via an intercostal space between adjacent underlying ribs of the patient;
• at least one acoustic lens, located between at least a portion of the therapeutic ultrasound transducer array and an external skin surface of the patient, the at least one acoustic lens and the at least the portion of the therapeutic ultrasound transducer array arranged to use the therapeutic ultrasound energy to sonicate at least one volumetric region;
• and
• controller circuitry, coupled to individual therapeutic ultrasound transducer elements within the transducer array, the controller circuitry configured to deliver one or more control signals to the individual therapeutic ultrasound transducer elements to produce corresponding individual therapeutic ultrasound output signals that, in combination, directs the therapeutic ultrasound energy.