Biological patch, preparation method therefor, and use thereof

A method for preparing a biological patch, comprising:

• performing a degreasing treatment, a pigment removal treatment, and a decellularization treatment on fish skin, and performing a freeze-drying treatment to obtain a biological patch, wherein the fish skin has undergone a surface mucus removal treatment and a blood removal treatment;
• the degreasing treatment is performed by using a method comprising:
• washing the fish skin with first treatment liquids to remove grease impurities from inner and outer surfaces of the fish skin, the washing comprising flushing and rinsing;
• the pigment removal treatment is performed by using a method comprising:
• soaking the degreased fish skin in a second treatment liquid, taking the degreased fish skin out from the second treatment liquid, removing pigment, and washing the degreased fish skin with a second washing liquid to obtain a depigmented fish skin matrix;
• the decellularization treatment is performed by using a method comprising:
• soaking the depigmented fish skin matrix in a third treatment liquid, taking the depigmented fish skin matrix out from the third treatment liquid, and washing the depigmented fish skin matrix with a third washing liquid to obtain a decellularized fish skin matrix;
• wherein:
• the first treatment liquids comprise a first running washing liquid and a second washing liquid;
• the running washing liquid is water;
• the second washing liquid is a sodium carbonate aqueous solution or a starch aqueous solution, wherein a pH value of the sodium carbonate aqueous solution is in a range from 8.4 to 11.5, a mass percentage of starch in the starch aqueous solution is in a range from 1% to 5%;
• the second treatment liquid is an aqueous solution containing a penetration enhancer, or an aqueous solution containing an acidic reagent, or an aqueous solution containing an acidic regulator;
• the penetration enhancer comprises sodium dodecyl sulfate, and a mass percentage of the penetration enhancer in the aqueous solution containing the penetration enhancer is in a range from 0.1% to 0.5%;
• the acidic reagent is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, formic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and any combinations thereof, and a concentration of the acidic reagent in the aqueous solution containing the acidic reagent is in a range from 1 mmol/L to 500 mmol/L, a pH value of the aqueous solution containing the acidic reagent is in a range from 1 to 5;
• the acidic regulator comprises citric acid, acetic acid, or a combination thereof, and a mass proportion of the acidic regulator in the aqueous solution containing the acidic regulator is in a range from 0.1% to 0.3%;
• the third treatment liquid is a Triton X-100 aqueous solution or an aqueous solution containing an alkaline reagent;
• the third washing liquid is water;
• a mass percentage of Triton X-100 in the Triton X-100 aqueous solution is in a range from 0.1% to 2%;
• the alkaline reagent is selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, trisodium phosphate, sodium monohydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, tripotassium phosphate, potassium monohydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydroxide, and any combinations thereof, a concentration of the alkaline reagent in the aqueous solution containing the alkaline reagent is in a range from 0.01 mol/L to 2 mol/L, and a pH value of the aqueous solution containing the alkaline reagent is in a range from 9 to 13.