Photovoltaic modules and methods of making same

A photovoltaic module comprising:

• a) a substrate;
• b) a first photovoltaic cell provided over the substrate and a second photovoltaic cell provided over the substrate and adjacent to the first photovoltaic cell, wherein the first and second photovoltaic cells each independently comprise:
• i) a bottom electrode overlaying the substrate;
• ii) a photoactive layer overlaying the bottom electrode, the photoactive layer comprising at least a perovskite absorber layer;
• and
• iii) a top electrode overlaying the photoactive layer,
• wherein at least one of the top and bottom electrodes is a transparent electrode;
• c) a megascribe extending along a first dimension of the photovoltaic module and defining an edge of the first photovoltaic cell and an edge of the second photovoltaic cell, the megascribe comprising:
• i) an upper scribe portion separating the photoactive layer and the top electrode of the first photovoltaic cell from the respective photoactive layer and top electrode of the second photovoltaic cell;
• and
• ii) a lower scribe portion separating the bottom electrode layer of the first photovoltaic cell from the bottom electrode layer of the second photovoltaic cell;
• d) a first insulating material disposed over the edge of the first photovoltaic cell and a second insulating material disposed over the edge of the second photovoltaic cell, wherein the first and second insulating materials are transparent to visible light;
• and
• e) a series connection between the first and second photovoltaic cells, the series connection comprising an electrically conductive connector provided in contact with a portion of the top electrode of the first photovoltaic cell, over the first insulating material, and in contact with the bottom electrode of the second photovoltaic cell.