Routing collaboration using mobile ad-hoc networks

A method performed by a second network function (NF) for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET) routing, the method comprising:

• receiving, from the third NF, a first MANET related report message, wherein the first MANET related report message comprises radio condition information indicating a first User Equipment (UE) is in low radio condition;
• selecting, based on a MANET routing policy, a second UE from a plurality of UEs as a MANET router for the first UE, wherein the plurality of UEs have activated MANET routing protocol, the second UE is in good radio condition or medium radio condition, and the second UE has MANET coverage to the first UE;
• sending, towards the first UE and second UE, a first MANET related request message, wherein the first MANET related request message comprises information indicating the second UE is acting as the MANET router for the first UE;
• sending, towards a first NF, a first MANET notification message, wherein the first MANET related notification message comprises information indicating at least one of:
• the first UE and the second UE have activated MANET routing, and the second UE is acting as MANET router for the first UE.

A method (700) performed by a second User Equipment (UE) for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET) routing, the method comprising:

• acting as a MANET router for a first UE;
• and,
• receiving traffic from a first UE using MANET and transmitting the traffic towards a first Network Function (NF);
• or, receiving traffic from the first NF and transmitting the traffic towards the first UE using MANET;
• wherein the first UE loses cellular communication coverage, the second UE has cellular communication coverage, and the second UE has MANET coverage to the first UE.