# US 2026/0194567 A1 · Systems and Methods for Improving Transformer Health

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 2026/0194567 A1
- Document ID: US20260194567A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 19/010,857
- Filed: 2025-01-06
- Published: 2026-07-09
- Earliest claimed: 2025-01-06
- Assignees: Saudi Arabian Oil Company
- Applicants: Saudi Arabian Oil Company
- Inventors: Abdallah Guraishi; Rafat Rob; Mansoor Zahrani
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20260194567A1

## CPC

- G01R 31/1263: {of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation}
- G01N 33/2841: {Gas in oils, e.g. hydrogen in insulating oils}
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)

## Abstract

Disclosed are methods, systems, and computer-readable medium to perform operations for real-time monitoring of the health of a transformer, where the operations involves obtaining real-time concentration measurements of a plurality of furanic compounds within the transformer; calculating, based on a first real-time concentration measurement of a first furanic compound and using more than one calculation approach, a degree of polymerization associated with the transformer; detecting, based on the degree of polymerization and the types of plurality of furanic compounds, an abnormal condition of the transformer; and responsively performing a remedial action to address the abnormal condition.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for real-time monitoring of the health of a transformer comprising:
obtaining real-time concentration measurements of a plurality of furanic compounds within the transformer;
calculating, based on a first real-time concentration measurement of a first furanic compound and using more than one calculation approach, a degree of polymerization associated with the transformer;
detecting, based on the degree of polymerization and the types of plurality of furanic compounds, an abnormal condition of the transformer; and
responsively performing a remedial action to address the abnormal condition.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the real-time concentration measurements are obtained from at least one local furanic sensor installed within the transformer.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the method is performed by an embedded system comprising a microcontroller, a local display, and a communication device.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of furanic compounds comprise: 2 Furaldehyde (2FAL), 5-Methyl-2-Furaldehyde (5M2F), 2-Acetylfuran (2ACF), 5 Hydroxymethyl-2-Furaldehyde (5H2F), 2-Furfuryl Alcohol (2FOL).

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the first furanic compound is 2 Furaldehyde (2FAL).

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, wherein the more than one calculation approach comprises more than one of: a Chendong approach, a Stebbin approach, a first Myers approach, or a second Myers approach.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein the Chendong approach comprises calculating the degree of polymerization as:
D
⁢
P
=
1
.
5
⁢
1
-
log
1
⁢
0
⁢
(
C
f
⁢
u
⁢
r
)
0
.
0
⁢
0
⁢
3
⁢
5
,
where Cfur is the first concentration of 2FAL in parts per million (ppm).

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein the Stebbin approach comprises calculating the degree of polymerization as:
D
⁢
P
=
1
.
5
⁢
6
⁢
5
⁢
5
-
log
1
⁢
0
⁢
(
C
f
⁢
u
⁢
r
)
0.0035
,
where Cfur is the first concentration of 2FAL in parts per million (ppm).

### Claim 9 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein the first Myers approach comprises calculating the degree of polymerization as:
D
⁢
P
=
-
3
⁢
4
⁢
3
.
8
*
log
10
⁢
(
C
f
⁢
u
⁢
r
)
+
1
⁢
3
⁢
8
⁢
7
.
5
,
where Cfur is the first concentration of 2FAL in parts per billion (ppb).

### Claim 10 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein the second Myers approach comprises calculating the degree of polymerization as:
D
⁢
P
=
-
2
⁢
8
⁢
5
.
7
*
log
10
⁢
(
C
f
⁢
u
⁢
r
*
0
.
8
⁢
8
)
+
1
⁢
2
⁢
8
⁢
8
.
6
,
where Cfur is the first concentration of 2FAL in parts per billion (ppb).

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the remedial action comprises at least one of: removing the transformer from service, outputting an audible alert, outputting an alert on a display device, or adjusting operation of the transformer.

### Claim 12

A system for real-time monitoring of the health of a transformer, the system comprising:
at least one processor;
a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising:
obtaining real-time concentration measurements of a plurality of furanic compounds within the transformer;
calculating, based on a first real-time concentration measurement of a first furanic compound and using more than one calculation approach, a degree of polymerization associated with the transformer;
detecting, based on the degree of polymerization and the types of plurality of furanic compounds, an abnormal condition of the transformer; and
responsively performing a remedial action to address the abnormal condition.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The system of claim 12, wherein the real-time concentration measurements are obtained from at least one local furanic sensor installed within the transformer.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

The system of claim 12, further comprising:
an embedded system comprising a microcontroller, a local display, and a communication device.

### Claim 15 (depends on 12)

The system of claim 12, wherein the plurality of furanic compounds comprise: 2 Furaldehyde (2FAL), 5-Methyl-2-Furaldehyde (5M2F), 2-Acetylfuran (2ACF), 5 Hydroxymethyl-2-Furaldehyde (5H2F), 2-Furfuryl Alcohol (2FOL).

### Claim 16 (depends on 12)

The system of claim 12, wherein the first furanic compound is 2 Furaldehyde (2FAL).

### Claim 17 (depends on 12)

The system of claim 12, wherein the more than one calculation approach comprises more than one of: a Chendong approach, a Stebbin approach, a first Myers approach, or a second Myers approach.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The system of claim 17, wherein the Chendong approach comprises calculating the degree of polymerization as:
D
⁢
P
=
1
.
5
⁢
1
-
log
1
⁢
0
⁢
(
C
f
⁢
u
⁢
r
)
0
.
0
⁢
0
⁢
3
⁢
5
,
where Cfur is the first concentration of 2FAL in parts per million (ppm).

### Claim 19 (depends on 17)

The system of claim 17, wherein the Stebbin approach comprises calculating the degree of polymerization as:
D
⁢
P
=
1
.
5
⁢
6
⁢
5
⁢
5
-
log
1
⁢
0
⁢
(
C
f
⁢
u
⁢
r
)
0.0035
,
where Cfur is the first concentration of 2FAL in parts per million (ppm).

### Claim 20

A non-transitory computer storage medium encoded with instructions that, when executed by one or more computers, cause the one or more computers to perform operations for real-time monitoring of the health of a transformer, the operations comprising:
obtaining real-time concentration measurements of a plurality of furanic compounds within the transformer;
calculating, based on a first real-time concentration measurement of a first furanic compound and using more than one calculation approach, a degree of polymerization associated with the transformer;
detecting, based on the degree of polymerization and the types of plurality of furanic compounds, an abnormal condition of the transformer; and
responsively performing a remedial action to address the abnormal condition.