Antenna assembly for a vehicle and a window assembly including the same

A window assembly for a vehicle, said window assembly comprising:

• a nonconductive pane;
• and
• an antenna assembly comprising:
• a housing coupled to the nonconductive pane and defining a housing interior bounded by a bottom wall, a top wall parallel to and spaced from the bottom wall, and a plurality of side walls extending between the bottom wall and the top wall;
• a PCB disposed within the housing interior and including a top surface at least partially facing the top wall of the housing and a bottom surface opposite the top surface;
• a ground plane disposed on the top surface of the PCB;
• a patch antenna stack comprising:
• a first dielectric extending between a first dielectric surface operatively connected to the ground plane and a second dielectric surface opposite the first dielectric surface;
• a first patch conductor operatively connected to the second dielectric surface of the first dielectric, the first patch conductor configured to be energized to transmit and/or receive radio frequency signals having a first frequency with a first wavelength λ1 and having a circular polarization in a first direction;
• a second dielectric extending between a third dielectric surface operatively connected to the first patch conductor and a fourth dielectric surface opposite the third dielectric surface;
• and
• a second patch conductor operatively connected to fourth dielectric surface of the second dielectric, the second patch conductor configured to be energized to transmit and/or receive radio frequency signals having a second frequency with a second wavelength λ2, higher than the first frequency, and having a circular polarization in a second direction opposite the first direction;
• and
• a dipole radiating element arranged substantially perpendicular to the ground plane, the dipole radiating element configured to be energized to transmit and/or receive radio frequency signals having a linear polarization.