Composite binder hardening by carbonation

3:

• The method according to claim 2, wherein carbonated recycled cement paste, carbonated slag and/or carbonated ash is used as the carbonated calcium rich waste material.

4:

• The method according to claim 2, wherein the carbonated calcium rich waste material contains from 10 to 80 wt.-% calcium calculated as CaO determined by X-ray fluorescence, wherein up to half of the CaO can be replaced by MgO.

5:

• The method according to claim 2, wherein the carbonated calcium rich waste material is obtained from a calcium rich waste material by carbonation with exhaust gas from a cement plant or a power plant.

6:

• The method according to claim 2, wherein the composite binder contains from 7 to 70 wt.-% carbonated calcium rich waste material with respect to the total weight of the composite binder.

7:

• The method according to claim 2, wherein a hydraulic cement and/or a non-hydraulic calcium silicate is used as the calcium silicate.

8:

• The method according to claim 2, wherein the composite binder contains from 30 to 80 wt.-% calcium silicate(s) with respect to the total weight of the composite binder.

9:

• The method according to claim 2, wherein the sum of the amounts of carbonated calcium rich waste material and calcium silicate(s) ranges from 65 to 100 wt.-%.

10:

• The method according to claim 2, wherein the composite binder is provided with or ground to a particle size distribution determined by laser granulometry with a D90 below 0.5 mm and/or with a Rosin-Rammler slope n from 0.5 to 1.4.

11:

• The method according to claim 2, wherein the hardening by carbonation takes place for a time from 1 hour to 100 hours, and/or at a relative humidity from 10 to 100%, and/or at a temperature from 0 to 99° C., and/or at a pressure from ambient to 50 bar absolute.

13:

• The method according to claim 3, wherein carbonated recycled cement paste or carbonated crystalline slag is used as the carbonated calcium rich waste material.

14:

• The method according to claim 3, wherein carbonated recycled cement paste is used as the carbonated calcium rich waste material.

15:

• The method according to claim 4, wherein the carbonated calcium rich waste material contains from 20 to 70 wt.-% calcium calculated as CaO determined by X-ray fluorescence, wherein up to up to 30 wt.-% of the CaO can be replaced by MgO.

16:

• The method according to claim 5, wherein the exhaust gas is cement kiln off-gas and/or exhaust gas from a calcination of limestone.

17:

• The method according to claim 6, wherein the composite binder contains from 15 to 50 wt.-% carbonated calcium rich waste material with respect to the total weight of the composite binder.

18:

• The method according to claim 7, wherein one or more of Portland cement, Portland composite cement, belite cement, belite-sulfoaluminate-ye'elimite cement, wollastonite, and rankinite is used as the calcium silicate.

19:

• The method according to claim 7, wherein Portland cement or Portland composite cement is used as the calcium silicate.

20:

• The method according to claim 8, wherein the composite binder contains from 40 to 70 wt.-% calcium silicate(s) with respect to the total weight of the composite binder.

21:

• The method according to claim 10, wherein the composite binder is provided with or ground to a particle size distribution determined by laser granulometry with a D90 below 200 μm and/or with a Rosin-Rammler slope n from 0.5 to 1.4.

22:

• The method according to claim 13, wherein the carbonated calcium rich waste material contains from 20 to 70 wt.-% calcium calculated as CaO determined by X-ray fluorescence, wherein up to 40 wt.-% of the CaO can be replaced by MgO.

23:

• The method according to claim 22, wherein the carbonated calcium rich waste material is obtained from a calcium rich waste material by carbonation with exhaust gas from a cement plant or a power plant.

24:

• The method according to claim 22, wherein the hardening by carbonation takes place for a time from 1 hour to 100 hours, and/or at a relative humidity from 10 to 100%, and/or at a temperature from 0 to 99° C., and/or at a pressure from ambient to 50 bar absolute the composite binder.

25:

• The method according to claim 6, wherein one or more of Portland cement, Portland composite cement, belite cement, belite-sulfoaluminate-ye'elimite cement, wollastonite, and rankinite is used as the calcium silicate, and wherein carbonated recycled cement paste or carbonated crystalline slag is used as the carbonated calcium rich waste material.

26:

• The method according to claim 25, wherein the composite binder contains from 40 to 70 wt.-% calcium silicate(s) with respect to the total weight of composite binder and the sum of the amounts of carbonated calcium rich waste material and calcium silicate(s) ranges from 65 to 100 wt.-%.