A penetration roller for a cone penetration test device having a structure for determining a replacement time and preventing slip, the cone penetration test device comprising a frame configured to be seated on a seabed, support bodies coupled to the frame, and a pair of first and second penetration rollers provided inside the support bodies to rotate in a direction where the first and second penetration rollers are engaged with each other by a driving member provided on the support bodies, the penetration rollers being configured to press opposite sides of a rod having a cone probe coupled to an end portion thereof, and the cone being penetrated into the seabed or recovered from the seabed depending on forward or reverse rotation of the first and second penetration rollers,
- wherein the first and second penetration rollers have concave pressing surfaces on outer circumferential surfaces thereof with same curvature as an outer circumferential surface of the rod and include anti-slip protrusions successively formed thereon such that, when the rod is pressed to move upward or downward, the anti-slip protrusions penetrate the outer circumferential surface of the rod while forming dug grooves thereon to prevent slip and to make it possible to determine, based on a depth of the dug grooves formed on the outer circumferential surface of the rod, whether the pressing surfaces are worn to identify whether to replace the first and second penetration rollers.