Photoplethysmography (PPG) Sensor

A photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor comprising:

• an integrated package comprising a light source (LS) device configured to emit light into biological tissue of a user and a photodetector (PD) device configured to receive reacted light transmitted through the biological tissue, the light source (LS) device and the photodetector (PD) device having a plurality of connection pads;
• a plurality of metal interconnects electrically connected to the connection pads on the light source (LS) device and the photodetector (PD) device;
• an opaque covering structure configured to enclose the light source (LS) device and the photodetector (PD) device;
• and
• a light guide structure inside the opaque covering structure comprising at least one non-opaque layer configured to guide the light emitted by the light source (LS) device, the light guide structure having a light escape area in light communication with the light source (LS) device, and a detection area in light communication with the photodetector (PD) device.

A photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor comprising:

• an integrated package comprising a light source (LS) device configured to emit light into biological tissue of a user and a photodetector (PD) device configured to receive reacted light transmitted through the biological tissue, the light source (LS) device and the photodetector (PD) device having a plurality of connection pads;
• a plurality of metal interconnects electrically connected to the connection pads on the light source (LS) device and the photodetector (PD) device;
• an opaque covering structure configured to enclose the light source (LS) device and the photodetector (PD) device, the opaque covering structure having a closed end and an open end;
• and
• a light guide structure inside the opaque covering structure comprised of one or more non-opaque layers having different refractive indexes configured to guide the light emitted by the light source (LS) device, the light guide structure including a light escape area in light communication with the light source (LS) device and a detection area in light communication with the photodetector (PD) device;
• wherein the light source (LS) device is mounted to the closed end of the opaque covering structure, and the photodetector (PD) device is embedded in the light guide structure proximate to the open end of the opaque covering structure with the photodetector (PD) device stacked on the light source (LS) device.

A photoplethysmography (PPG) array comprising:

• a plurality of photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors electrically connected in an array, each discrete photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor comprising an integrated package comprising:
• a light source (LS) device configured to emit light into biological tissue of a user and a photodetector (PD) device configured to receive reacted light transmitted through the biological tissue;
• a plurality of metal interconnects electrically connected to connection pads on the light source (LS) device and the photodetector (PD) device;
• an opaque covering structure configured to at least partially enclose the light source (LS) device and the photodetector (PD) device;
• and
• a light guide structure inside the opaque covering structure comprising at least one non-opaque layer configured to guide the light emitted by the light source (LS) device;
• the metal interconnects and the light guide structure configured to support the light source (LS) device and the photodetector (PD) device;
• the light source (LS) device and photodetector (PD) device including addressed electrodes in electrical communication in the array.

A sensor comprising:

• an integrated package comprising a light source (LS) device configured to emit light into biological tissue of a user and a photodetector (PD) device configured to receive reacted light transmitted through the biological tissue and reflected light from the light source (LS) device;
• an opaque covering structure configured to at least partially enclose the light source (LS) device and the photodetector (PD) device;
• and
• a light guide structure inside the opaque covering structure comprising at least one non-opaque layer configured to guide the light emitted by the light source (LS) device;
• a membrane light guide structure on the light guide structure having a thickness that can be varied as a function of a pressure exerted on the membrane light guide structure such that a distance traveled by the reflected light can be varied.