Adaptive clock offset estimation for protection devices without time-based synchronization

A method for protecting electric power equipment, the method comprising:

• generating, using an oscillator, a time signal to timestamp a first stream of data comprising a plurality of local measurements;
• receiving, using a communications interface, a second stream of data comprising a plurality of remote measurements from a remote source through a communication channel, the second stream of data from the remote source comprising a plurality of timestamps associated with a plurality of measurements;
• determining, using a clock offset estimation subsystem, a plurality of clock offset values based on the second stream of data from the remote source;
• identifying, using the clock offset estimation subsystem, a plurality of valid raw clock offset values within the second stream of data;
• generating, using the clock offset estimation subsystem, a prediction error based on the plurality of valid raw clock offset values;
• determining, using an adaptive filter subsystem, an adaptive gain using an adaptive filter;
• and
• applying, using the adaptive filter subsystem, the adaptive gain to the prediction error based on conditions of the communication channel.