Battery storage container and method of use

An over-pressure fail-safe mechanism and chemical retention method for an energy storage container comprising:

• a pressure relief valve arranged at a first end of the container;
• a second pressure relief valve arranged at a second, opposing end of the container, wherein the first and second pressure relief valves are configured to operate independently;
• an envelope or receptacle connected downstream to each pressure relief valve;
• wherein each envelope or receptacle is configured to be filled with liquid contents of the energy storage container;
• wherein the over-pressure fail-safe mechanism is configured to be activated in either a first mode or a second mode depending on the pressure of the contents in the container;
• wherein in the first mode, the first pressure relief valve releases at least some contents of the container into the corresponding envelope or receptacle;
• wherein in the second mode, the envelope or receptacle connected to the first pressure relief valve releases a metered quantity of at least some contents into an atmosphere to prevent a rupture or failure of the envelope or receptacle;
• and
• wherein the second mode is activated only after activation of the first mode when the pressure of the released contents in the envelope or receptacle exceeds a third set pressure and where the second pressure relief valve is configured to act independently based on a different set pressure or condition from the first pressure relief valve, providing a balanced pressure release system across both ends of the container.

An electrode retainer comprising:

• an internal slip fit retainer element comprising a plurality of corrugation holes to allow electrolyte circulation;
• an external slip fit retainer element comprising a plurality of corrugation holes to allow electrolyte circulation;
• and
• an internal cavity is defined between the internal slip fit retainer element and the external slip fit retainer element to support an installation of at least one electrode.

An electrode retainer comprising:

• a plurality of tubes arranged substantially parallel to each other;
• wherein the plurality of tubes are spaced from each other;
• a cathode arranged in at least one tube selected from the plurality of tubes;
• and
• an anode arranged in at least one tube selected from the plurality of tubes;
• and at least one fluid flow arranged in a space formed between the plurality of tubes;
• wherein the fluid flow comprises at least one of:
• a coolant and/or an electrolyte.

An energy storage container comprising:

• a housing configured for enclosing electrodes and storing electrolyte at pressure above or below ambient pressure;
• wherein the housing comprises two opposite ends spaced from each other;
• a pair of end caps disposed on opposite ends of the housing, wherein the pair of end caps are configured to seal the opposite ends of the housing;
• wherein each end cap selected from the pair of end caps comprises a pressure relief valve;
• a diaphragm positioned between each end cap selected from the pair of end caps and a corresponding end of the housing;
• and
• wherein the energy storage container is configured to be installed above or below a ground surface for geological thermal management of the energy storage container
• wherein each end cap further comprises a multi-stage over-pressure fail-safe mechanism, including a containment envelope configure to capture and contain gases or chemicals upon activation of the pressure relief valves;
• wherein the housing further includes a modular electrode retainer system to allow for the interchangeable installation and replacement of electrodes to extend the suable life of the energy storage container;
• wherein the diaphragm is configured to adjust its position based on the internal pressure variations to actively manage the pressure within the housing, thereby enhancing the operational stability and safety of the energy storage container.