Photovoltaic apparatus prepared from regenerative biomaterial

A photovoltaic device prepared from regenerable biomaterials, comprising:

• a carrier comprising a plurality of conductive sheets extending along a planar direction, the plurality of conductive sheets being electrically connected to each other;
• one or more microalgae cells disposed on the carrier, wherein the microalgae cells are selected from Spirulina sp., Anabaena sp., Oscillatoria sp., Chlorella sp., Chlorococcum sp., or combinations thereof;
• a cathode being a conductive material;
• a permeable membrane disposed between the carrier and the cathode;
• and
• an electrolyte capable of serving as a culture medium for microalgae and permeable to light, the electrolyte being in contact with the cathode and the microalgae cells;
• wherein each of the plurality of conductive sheets has a first surface area for supporting the microalgae cells and contacting the electrolyte, the cathode has a second surface area contacting the electrolyte, and a ratio of a total sum of the first surface areas of the plurality of conductive sheets to the second surface area of the cathode ranges from 32 to 64;
• and
• wherein the microalgae cells in the electrolyte capture light and grow into a microalgae layer on the plurality of conductive sheets, functioning as an anode.