Anisotropic Hydrogel and Preparation Method and Use thereof

A method for preparing an anisotropic hydrogel, comprising:

• 1) providing a fibrous material dispersion;
• 2) mixing the fibrous material dispersion, a gelatin solution, and transglutaminase to obtain a precursor solution, and subjecting the precursor solution to pre-crosslinking and freeze-crosslinking in sequence, to obtain a crosslinked hydrogel;
• 3) mixing the crosslinked hydrogel with a first salt solution to perform salting-out and obtain a salting-out hydrogel;
• 4) stretching the salting-out hydrogel to obtain a stretched hydrogel;
• and
• 5) mixing the stretched hydrogel with a second salt solution and performing curing, to obtain the anisotropic hydrogel;
• wherein a physical crosslinking effect is present in the fibrous material dispersion;
• wherein the pre-crosslinking is carried out at 40-60° C. for 2-30 minutes;
• the freeze-crosslinking is carried out at 4° C. for 1-3 hours;
• and
• a fibrous material in the fibrous material dispersion is protein isolate amyloid fibrils, and the protein isolate amyloid fibrils are pea protein isolate amyloid fibrils or soy protein isolate amyloid fibrils.