Systems for directly heating electric tubes for hydrocarbon upgrading

Abstract

A heating apparatus includes a pair of electrically conductive tubes, a feed channel having a fluid entrance and a grounded connection, a product channel having a fluid exit and a grounded connection, and a DC current voltage source. The feed channel is fluidly connected to inlets of the pair of electrically conductive tubes and the product channel is fluidly connected to outlets of the pair of electrically conductive tubes. The pair of electrically conductive tubes include a first electrically conductive tube and a second electrically conductive tube connected in series and the DC current voltage source is electrically connected to the first electrically conductive tube and the second electrically conductive tube.

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.