Integrated Sensing System for Water Quality Monitoring and Management

A multi-parametric water sensor, comprising:

• a substrate;
• a sensor array;
• and
• an enclosure comprising a water impermeable material;
• the sensor array comprising:
• a first analyte sensor comprising a working electrode (WE), a counter electrode (CE), and a reference electrode (RE) disposed on a first surface of the substrate;
• a second analyte sensor comprising a working electrode (WE), a counter electrode (CE), and a reference electrode (RE) disposed on the first surface of the substrate;
• a pH sensor comprising a working electrode (WE) and a reference electrode (RE) disposed on a second surface of the substrate;
• and
• a temperature sensor disposed on the second surface of the substrate;
• and
• wherein the enclosure comprises a sensor section and a water permeable section.

A method for preparing a multi-parametric water sensor, comprising:

• preparing a sensor array, comprising:
• a) disposing a pH sensor working electrode (WE) pattern and an analyte WE pattern on a substrate;
• disposing a reference electrode (RE) patten on the substrate between the analyte WE pattern and the pH sensor WE pattern;
• disposing a temperature sensor WE pattern comprising a first pattern and second pattern on the substrate, wherein the analyte sensor WE, the RE, and the pH WE are disposed between the first pattern and the second pattern;
• printing an ink comprising silver on the analyte sensor WE pattern and the temperature sensor WE pattern;
• printing an ink comprising carbon on the pH sensor pattern;
• printing an ink comprising Ag/AgCl on the RE pattern;
• electrodepositing a gold layer onto the pH WE carbon ink layer;
• depositing a GO/PEDOT:PSS connection layer connecting the first and second temperature sensor coated patterns;
• and
• coating a PoT-MoS2 layer onto the analyte WE silver ink layer;
• or
• b) disposing on a first surface of a substrate a first analyte sensor working electrode (WE) pattern, a counter electrode (CE) pattern, and a reference electrode (RE) pattern;
• disposing on the first surface of the substrate a second analyte sensor WE pattern, a CE pattern, and a RE pattern;
• disposing on a second surface of the substrate a pH sensor WE pattern and RE pattern;
• disposing on the second surface of the substrate a temperature sensor first connection channel pattern and second connection channel pattern;
• printing an ink comprising carbon on the first analyte sensor WE and CE patterns, the second analyte sensor WE and CE patterns, and the pH sensor WE pattern;
• printing an ink comprising silver on the first analyte sensor, the second analyte sensor, pH sensor RE patterns, and the first connection channel pattern and the second connection channel pattern of the temperature sensor;
• printing an ink comprising Ag/AgCl on a portion of the first analyte sensor and a portion of the second analyte sensor RE patterns;
• electrodepositing copper on the first analyte sensor and the second analyte sensor WE pattern;
• electrodepositing on the second analyte sensor copper layer a perfluorinated polymer coating comprising a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE);
• electrodepositing on the second analyte sensor copper and perfluorinated polymer coating layers a polyaniline (PANI) layer;
• electrodepositing on the pH sensor WE carbon layer a polyaniline (PANI) layer;
• and
• depositing a GO/PEDOT:PSS connection layer connecting the first connection channel pattern and the second connection channel pattern of the temperature sensor.