Ion-conductive covalent organic framework electrolytes for metal-ion batteries

An electrochemical cell comprising:

• a cathode;
• an anode in electrical communication with the cathode;
• and
• a metal ion-permeable solid electrolyte disposed between the cathode and the anode, the solid electrolyte comprising covalent organic framework comprising:
• a crosslinked core comprising triazine groups covalently crosslinked to phenyl groups;
• anionic substituents grafted to phenyl rings of the phenyl groups;
• and metal cations associated with the anionic substituents via electrostatic interactions.

A method of making a covalent organic framework, the method comprising reacting:

• (a) 2,4,6-triphenoxy-1,3,5-triazine or cyanuric chloride with;
• (b) a phenylene diamine bearing an anionic ring substituent or a phenylene diol bearing an anionic ring substituent in the presence of a metal salt base to form the covalent organic framework comprising:
• a crosslinked core comprising triazine groups covalently crosslinked to phenyl groups;
• anionic substituents grafted to phenyl rings of the phenyl groups;
• and metal cations associated with the anionic substituents via electrostatic interactions.