A liquid crystal composition comprising a liquid crystal compound, a self-alignment compound, and a polymerizable compound comprising a first polymerizable compound, wherein the self-alignment compound is represented by the following formula I, and the first polymerizable compound is represented by the following formula II-1:
- wherein R1 is selected from —H, an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2-10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3-10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group having 6-10 ring atoms;
- provided that when R1 has one or more —CH2— groups not connected together, the one or more —CH2— groups not connected together in R1 are unsubstituted, or, the one or more —CH2— groups not connected together in R1 are independently substituted by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —OC(O)O—, —CH2CH2—, —(CH2)3—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—;
- and provided that when the R1 has one or more H atoms, the one or more H atoms in R1 are not replaced, or, the one or more H atoms in R1 are independently replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I;
- Z1, Z2, and Z3 are independently selected from a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —CH2CH2—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CH═CH—, an alkylidene group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenylidene group having 2-10 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms;
- provided that when Z1, Z2, and Z3 have one or more —CH2— groups not connected together, the one or more —CH2— groups not connected together in Z1, Z2, and Z3 are unsubstituted or, the one or more —CH2— groups not connected together in Z1, Z2, and Z3 are independently substituted by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —CH2CH2—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—;
- and provided that when Z1, Z2, and Z3 have one or more H atoms, the one or more H atoms in Z1, Z2, and Z3 are not replaced, or, the one or more H atoms in Z1, Z2, and Z3 are independently replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I;
- X is selected from a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CH2—, or —CF2—;
- L is independently selected from —H, —F, —Cl, —CF3, -Sp, an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkynyloxy having 2-10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3-10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group having 6-10 ring atoms;
- provided that when L has one or more —CH2— groups not connected together, the one or more —CH2— groups not connected together in L are unsubstituted, or the one or more —CH2— groups not connected together in L are independently substituted by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —OC(O)O—, —CH2CH2—, —(CH2)3—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CH═CH—, or —C≡C—;
- and provided that when L has one or more H atoms, the one or more H atoms in L are not replaced, or, the one or more H atoms in L are independently replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I;
- are independently selected from
- wherein one or more —CH2— groups not connected together in
- are unsubstituted or independently substituted by —O—;
- Sp is independently selected from an ether group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an alkenyloxy group, or a polymerizable group, and at least one Sp is a polymerizable group;
- T is a group containing a hydroxyl group;
- one or more H atoms in benzene rings of the formula I are not replaced, or, one or more H atoms in benzene rings of the formula I are independently replaced by —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —SCN, —NCS, an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2-10 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms, or an alkynyloxy having 2-10 carbon atoms;
- R2, R3, R4, and R5 are independently selected from —H, —F, —CF3, an alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1-5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2-5 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2-5 carbon atoms;
- and provided that when R2, R3, R4, and R5 have one or more H atoms, the one or more H atoms in R2, R3, R4, and R5 are not replaced, or, the one or more H atoms in R2, R3, R4, and R5 are independently replaced by F, Cl, Br, or I;
- n is selected from 1, 2, or 3;
- a, b, c, and d are independently selected from 0, 1, 2, or 3, and a sum of a and b is greater than or equal to 1;
- p and q are independently selected from 0, 1, or 2;
- and
- e and f are independently selected from 0, 1, or 2, and a sum of e and f is greater than or equal to 1.