Storage controller for detecting failure of nonvolatile memory device, storage device including the storage controller, and electronic system including the storage device

An electronic system comprising:

• a host;
• and
• a storage device connected to the host, including a plurality of nonvolatile memory devices, and configured to:
• output a first level fail signal indicating that a possibility of failure of a first nonvolatile memory device among the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices is in a first level when the number of bad blocks included in the first nonvolatile memory device is greater than the number of reserved blocks included in the first nonvolatile memory device,
• output a second level fail signal indicating that the possibility of failure of the first nonvolatile memory device is in a second level higher than the first level when the number of reserved free blocks included in the remaining nonvolatile memory devices among the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices is less than a first preset number of blocks, and
• output a third level fail signal indicating that the possibility of failure of the first nonvolatile memory device is in a third level higher than the second level when the number of memory blocks including more error bits than a preset number of error bits among memory blocks included in the first nonvolatile memory device is greater than a second preset number of blocks different from the first preset number of blocks,
• wherein the host is configured to control the storage device based on the first level fail signal, the second level fail signal, or the third level fail signal.

A storage controller comprising:

• a memory interface configured to communicate with a plurality of nonvolatile memory devices including a plurality of memory blocks;
• and
• a bad block management module connected to the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices and configured to:
• detect a bad block among the plurality of memory blocks,
• copy data stored in the bad block to reserved free blocks of the remaining nonvolatile memory devices among the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices when the number of bad blocks of a first nonvolatile memory device including the bad block among the plurality of nonvolatile memory devices is greater than the number of reserved blocks of the first nonvolatile memory device,
• set the bad block as a read-only block when the number of reserved free blocks of the remaining volatile memory devices is less than a first threshold number, and
• set a mode of the first nonvolatile memory device to a read-only mode or a fail mode when the number of memory blocks including more error bits than a preset number of error bits among memory blocks included in the first nonvolatile memory device is greater than a second threshold number.