Decoding method, parameter training method, and apparatus

A parameter training method, wherein the method comprises:

• performing L iterations of decoding on first training data by using a low density parity check (LDPC) check matrix, and in a process of performing one iteration of decoding in the L iterations of decoding on the first training data, determining, based on a second weight, information about N variable nodes and information about M check nodes corresponding to the first training data, wherein the second weight belongs to a first weight set, the first weight set comprises a weight corresponding to the L iterations of decoding, the second weight corresponds to the one iteration of decoding, the second weight comprises one or more weights, L, N, and M are all positive integers, and L is a positive integer less than or equal to a maximum quantity of iterations of decoding;
• and
• after the L iterations of decoding, if an obtained decoding result causes a loss function corresponding to the decoding result to meet a performance requirement, ending training, to obtain the first weight set, or if an obtained decoding result fails to cause a loss function corresponding to the decoding result to meet a performance requirement, updating the first weight set, and performing iterative decoding on second training data based on the updated first weight set.