# US 2026/0100993 A1 · Embedded protocol overlay for a network control protocol > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2026/0100993 A1 - Document ID: US20260100993A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 18/909,756 - Filed: 2024-10-08 - Published: 2026-04-09 - Earliest claimed: 2024-10-08 - Assignees: Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy - Applicants: Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy - Inventors: Pranjal Kumar DUTTA - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20260100993A1 ## CPC - H04L 69/22: Parsing or analysis of headers - H04L 69/321: Interlayer communication protocols or service data unit [SDU] definitions; Interfaces between layers - H04L 12/4633: {Interconnection of networks using encapsulation techniques, e.g. tunneling} - H04L 45/64: using an overlay routing layer - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract The subject disclosure introduces the concept of using an overlay protocol embedded in a network control protocol. In various embodiments, an embedded overlay protocol message can be carried as the payload in a network control protocol packet sent from one network device to another. Various embodiments provide methods and apparatus for preparing and sending a network control protocol message with an embedded overlay protocol as well as methods and apparatus for receiving and processing a network control protocol message with an embedded overlay protocol. Embodiments disclosed herein have a variety of different applications including, among other things, as a generic solution that can efficiently determine the overall, end-to-end latency of almost any network control protocol. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for preparing a network control protocol message with an embedded overlay protocol for transmission across a network, the method comprising: receiving as an input an embedded overlay protocol message corresponding to the embedded overlay protocol, wherein the embedded overlay protocol traditionally operates at a first Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) layer; encapsulating the embedded overlay protocol message with an overlay protocol message header to produce an embedded overlay protocol packet, the overlay protocol message header providing information identifying the embedded overlay protocol; preparing a network control protocol message header corresponding to a network control protocol operating at a second OSI layer different from the first OSI layer, the network control protocol message header providing information indicating that a payload encapsulated by the network control protocol message header comprises the embedded overlay protocol packet; and encapsulating the embedded overlay protocol packet with the network control protocol message header to produce the network control protocol message with the embedded overlay protocol. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the embedded overlay protocol message header further comprises a layer field comprising information indicative of the first OSI layer and a protocol field comprising information identifying the embedded overlay protocol. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the network control protocol message header further comprises a type field comprising information indicating that the payload encapsulated by the network control protocol message header includes a message for the embedded overlay protocol. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein the embedded overlay protocol is Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) and the embedded overlay protocol message is an ICMP echo request message. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the network control protocol is Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). ### Claim 6 A method for processing a network control protocol message with an embedded overlay protocol, the embedded overlay protocol traditionally operating at a first Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) layer, the method comprising: receiving the network control protocol message with the embedded overlay protocol, the network control protocol message corresponding to a network control protocol operating at a second OSI layer that is different than the first OSI layer; removing a network control protocol header encapsulating the network control protocol message; parsing the network control protocol header for information indicating that the network control protocol message includes an embedded overlay protocol packet as a payload; upon determining that the network control protocol message includes the embedded overlay protocol packet as a payload, removing an embedded overlay protocol packet header from the embedded overlay protocol packet to produce an embedded overlay protocol message; parsing the embedded overlay protocol packet header for information identifying the embedded overlay protocol; identifying the embedded overlay protocol based on the information parsed in the embedded overlay protocol packet header; opening an instance of the embedded overlay protocol at the second OSI layer; and processing the embedded overlay protocol message using the opened instance of the embedded overlay protocol. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein the information identifying the embedded overlay protocol further comprises a layer field comprising information indicative of the first OSI layer and a protocol field comprising information identifying the embedded overlay protocol. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The method claim 6, wherein the information indicating that the network control protocol message includes the embedded overlay protocol packet as the payload further comprises a type field comprising information indicating that the embedded overlay protocol packet includes a message for the embedded overlay protocol. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, wherein the embedded overlay protocol is Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) and the embedded overlay protocol message is an ICMP echo request message. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, wherein the network control protocol is Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). ### Claim 11 An apparatus, comprising a first Internet Protocol (IP) network device operating in an IP network of IP network devices, the first IP network device configured to communicate with a second IP network device over the IP network, the first IP network device comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including program code; and wherein the at least one memory and the program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the first IP network device at least to: receive as an input an embedded overlay protocol message corresponding to an embedded overlay protocol that traditionally operates at a first Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) layer; encapsulate the embedded overlay protocol message with an overlay protocol message header to produce an embedded overlay protocol packet, the overlay protocol message header providing information identifying the embedded overlay protocol; prepare a network control protocol message header corresponding to a network control protocol operating at a second OSI layer different from the first OSI layer, the network control protocol message header providing information indicating that a payload encapsulated by the network control protocol message header comprises the embedded overlay protocol packet; encapsulate the embedded overlay protocol packet with the network control protocol message header to produce a network control protocol message with the embedded overlay protocol; and send the network control protocol message with the embedded overlay protocol over the IP network to the second IP network device. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the embedded overlay protocol message header further comprises a layer field comprising information indicative of the first OSI layer and a protocol field comprising information identifying the embedded overlay protocol. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the network control protocol message header further comprises a type field comprising information indicating that the payload encapsulated by the network control protocol message header includes a message for the embedded overlay protocol. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the embedded overlay protocol is Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) and the embedded overlay protocol message is an ICMP echo request message. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the network control protocol is Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). ### Claim 16 An apparatus, comprising a first Internet Protocol (IP) network device operating in an IP network of IP network devices, the first IP network device configured to communicate with a second IP network device over the IP network, the second IP network device comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including program code; and wherein the at least one memory and the program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the second IP network device at least to: receive a network control protocol message with an embedded overlay protocol from the first IP network device, the network control protocol message corresponding to a network control protocol operating at a second Open System Interconnection (OSI) layer; remove a network control protocol header encapsulating the network control protocol message with the embedded overlay protocol; parse the network control protocol header for information indicating that the network control protocol message includes an embedded overlay protocol packet as a payload; upon determining that the network control protocol message includes the embedded overlay protocol packet as a payload, remove an embedded overlay protocol packet header from the embedded overlay protocol packet to produce an embedded overlay protocol message corresponding to an embedded overlay protocol that traditionally operates at a first OSI layer that is different from the second OSI layer; parse the embedded overlay protocol packet header for information identifying the embedded overlay protocol; identify the embedded overlay protocol based on the information parsed in the embedded overlay protocol packet header; open an instance of the embedded overlay protocol at the second OSI layer; and process the embedded overlay protocol message based on the opened instance of the embedded overlay protocol. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the information identifying the embedded overlay protocol further comprises a layer field comprising information indicative of the first OSI layer and a protocol field comprising information identifying the embedded overlay protocol. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the information indicating that the network control protocol message includes the embedded overlay protocol packet as the payload further comprises a type field comprising information indicating that the embedded overlay protocol packet includes a message for the embedded overlay protocol. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the embedded overlay protocol is Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) and the embedded overlay protocol message is an ICMP echo request message. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the network control protocol is Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).