Solid-state, electronically controlled broadband thz modulator via organic electrochemical device

A device for reversibly modulating electromagnetic radiation, comprising:

• a base substrate;
• a patterned metal layer disposed over the base substrate, the patterned metal layer including:
• a plurality of electrodes separated by a gap and at least one additional metal pattern separated from the plurality of electrodes, the gap defining an active area through which radiation is passed;
• and/or
• one or more porous or incomplete metal electrodes, where the porous or incomplete metal electrodes include voids or gaps defining one or more active areas through which radiation is passed;
• an organic layer disposed over at least the plurality of electrodes, and/or the one or more porous or incomplete metal electrodes, and base substrate, and within the gap, the organic layer including a conducting material;
• and
• an ion gel layer disposed over the conducting material, the patterned metal layer, and the base substrate;
• and
• wherein the device is configured to allow ions from the ion gel layer to transport into the conducting material, doping or de-doping the organic layer, when a voltage is applied to at least one electrode of the plurality of electrodes.