# US 2026/0100170 A1 · Display device > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2026/0100170 A1 - Document ID: US20260100170A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 19/417,347 - Filed: 2025-12-12 - Published: 2026-04-09 - Earliest claimed: 2022-12-01 - Assignees: E Ink Holdings Inc. - Applicants: E Ink Holdings Inc. - Inventors: Wen-Yu Kuo; Wen Ya Chao; Wen-Chuan Wang; Kuang-Heng Liang - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20260100170A1 ## CPC - G09G 3/344: {based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices (electrophoretic devices per se G02F1/167)} - G02F 1/167: by electrophoresis - G02F 1/16756: Insulating layers - G02F 1/16766: for active matrices - G02F 1/1685: Operation of cells; Circuit arrangements affecting the entire cell - G09G 3/2092: {Details of a display terminals using a flat panel, the details relating to the control arrangement of the display terminal and to the interfaces thereto (suitable for both CRT and flat panel G09G5/003; specific for a CRT G09G1/165)} - G09G 3/3233: with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element - G09G 2300/0426: Layout of electrodes and connections - G09G 2300/0842: forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor - G09G 2300/0852: being a dynamic memory with more than one capacitor - G09G 2310/0267: Details of drivers for scan electrodes, other than drivers for liquid crystal, plasma or OLED displays - G09G 2310/0275: Details of drivers for data electrodes, other than drivers for liquid crystal, plasma or OLED displays, not related to handling digital grey scale data or to communication of data to the pixels by means of a current - G09G 2330/021: Power management, e.g. power saving - G09G: ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION (arrangements for transferring data between digital computers and displays G06F3/14; static indicating arrangements comprising an association of a number of separate sources or light control cells G09F9/00; static indicating arrangements comprising integral associations of a number of light sources H01J, H01K, H10H, H05B33/12; scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission, details thereof H04N1/00) - G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS ## Abstract A display device includes a pixel array and a driving circuit. The pixel array includes a plurality of pixel units. The driving circuit is coupled to the pixel units through a plurality of scan signal lines and a plurality of data signal lines. Each of the pixel units includes a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, an equivalent bootstrap capacitor, and an equivalent pixel capacitor. The first transistor is coupled to a first node. The second transistor is coupled to a second node. The third transistor is coupled to the second node. The equivalent bootstrap capacitor is coupled between the first node and the second node. The equivalent pixel capacitor is coupled between the first node and a reference voltage. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A display device, comprising: a pixel array, comprising a plurality of pixel units; and a driving circuit, coupled to the pixel units through a plurality of scan signal lines and a plurality of data signal lines, wherein each of the pixel units comprises: a first transistor, coupled to a first node; a second transistor, coupled to a second node; a third transistor, coupled to the second node; an equivalent bootstrap capacitor, coupled between the first node and the second node; and an equivalent pixel capacitor, coupled between the first node and a reference voltage. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The display device according to claim 1, wherein the driving circuit comprises: a scan driver, coupled to the pixel units through the scan signal lines, wherein the pixel units of each row or every two adjacent rows of the pixel array are coupled to the same two scan signal lines, and the pixel units of different rows or two different adjacent rows of the pixel array are coupled to two different scan signal lines. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The display device according to claim 2, wherein the driving circuit further comprises: another scan driver, coupled to the pixel units through the scan signal lines, wherein the scan driver and the another scan driver are disposed on two sides of the pixel array. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The display device according to claim 2, wherein the scan driver sequentially drives the pixel units through the scan signal lines during a plurality of scan periods, the scan periods do not overlap with each other, and a total period of two of the scan periods for scanning the pixel units of a same column overlaps with a same data writing period. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The display device according to claim 1, wherein the driving circuit comprises: a scan driver, coupled to the pixel units through the scan signal lines, wherein the pixel units of each row of the pixel array are coupled to the same two scan signal lines, and the pixel units of any two adjacent rows of the pixel array share at least one scan signal line. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The display device according to claim 5, wherein the scan driver sequentially drives the pixel units through the scan signal lines during a plurality of scan periods, the scan periods do not overlap with each other, and two scan periods for scanning the pixel units of a same column overlap with two adjacent data writing periods, wherein the two adjacent data writing periods are partially overlapped. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The display device according to claim 1, wherein the driving circuit comprises: a first scan driver, coupled to the pixel units through a plurality of odd-numbered scan signal lines of the scan signal lines; and a second scan driver, coupled to the pixel units through a plurality of even-numbered scan signal lines of the scan signal lines, wherein the pixel units of each row of the pixel array are coupled to the same one odd-numbered scan signal line and one even-numbered scan signal line, and the pixel units of different rows of the pixel array are coupled to two different scan signal lines. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The display device according to claim 7, wherein the first scan driver and the second scan driver alternately drive the pixel units through the scan signal lines during a plurality of scan periods, the scan periods do not overlap with each other. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The display device according to claim 1, wherein the driving circuit comprises: a bidirectional circuit, coupled to the pixel units through the scan signal lines; and a scan driver, coupled to the bidirectional circuit through a plurality of output signal lines, wherein the bidirectional circuit comprises a plurality of bidirectional units, and the bidirectional units are coupled to two different adjacent output signal lines and two different adjacent scan signal lines. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The display device according to claim 9, wherein the output signal lines comprise a first output signal line and a second output signal line, and the scan signal lines comprise a first scan signal line and a second scan signal line, wherein each of the bidirectional units comprises: a first switch, wherein a first terminal of the first switch is coupled to the first output signal line, a second terminal of the first switch is coupled to the first scan signal line, and a control terminal of the first switch is coupled to a first control signal; a second switch, wherein a first terminal of the second switch is coupled to the first output signal line, a second terminal of the second switch is coupled to the second scan signal line, and a control terminal of the second switch is coupled to a second control signal; a third switch, wherein a first terminal of the third switch is coupled to the second output signal line, a second terminal of the third switch is coupled to the first scan signal line, and a control terminal of the third switch is coupled to the second control signal; and a fourth switch, wherein a first terminal of the fourth switch is coupled to the second output signal line, a second terminal of the fourth switch is coupled to the second scan signal line, and a control terminal of the fourth switch is coupled to the first control signal. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The display device according to claim 10, wherein the bidirectional circuit determines to sequentially drive the pixel units or reversely drive the pixel units through the scan signal lines according to the first control signal and the second control signal. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The display device according to claim 1, wherein the driving circuit comprises: a data driver, coupled to the pixel units through the data signal lines, wherein the pixel units in each column of the pixel array are coupled to a same data signal line, and the pixel units in different columns of the pixel array are coupled to different data signal lines. ### Claim 13 (depends on 8) The display device according to claim 8, wherein every two of the data signal lines are disposed between corresponding two columns of pixel units coupled thereto in the pixel array. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The display device according to claim 8, wherein the pixel units in some adjacent two columns of the pixel array are coupled to a same reference voltage line. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The display device according to claim 1, wherein the driving circuit comprises: a data driver, coupled to the pixel units through the data signal lines, wherein the pixel units in each column of the pixel array are coupled to same two data signal lines, and the pixel units in different columns of the pixel array are coupled to two different data signal lines. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The display device according to claim 1, wherein the driving circuit comprises: an integrated driver, coupled to the pixel units through the scan signal lines and the data signal lines, wherein the pixel units in each row of the pixel array are coupled to same two scan signal lines, and the pixel units in different rows of the pixel array are coupled to two different scan signal lines, wherein the pixel units in each column of the pixel array are coupled to a same data signal line, and the pixel units in different columns of the pixel array are coupled to different data signal lines. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The display device according to claim 16, wherein the integrated driver is coupled to the pixel units in different columns of the pixel array through the data signal lines in a T-shaped connection manner. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The display device according to claim 16, wherein the integrated driver is coupled to the pixel units in different rows of the pixel array through the scan signal lines in a T-shaped connection manner. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The display device according to claim 1, further comprising: a substrate, wherein the pixel array is formed on the substrate, wherein each of the pixel units further comprises a first metal layer, a first insulating layer, a second metal layer, a second insulating layer, a planarization layer, a pixel electrode layer and an upper electrode layer patterned and selectively formed above the substrate. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The display device according to claim 19, wherein each of the pixel units further comprises: a pixel structure, comprising the equivalent bootstrap capacitor formed by the second metal layer, the second insulating layer, and the pixel electrode layer. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The display device according to claim 20, wherein the pixel structure further comprises a storage capacitor formed by the first metal layer, the first insulating layer, and the second metal layer. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20) The display device according to claim 20, wherein the pixel structure further comprises: a first through hole, formed among the second metal layer, the second insulating layer, the planarization layer, and the pixel electrode layer. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The display device according to claim 22, wherein each of the pixel units further comprises: a connection pad structure, comprising: a second through hole, formed among the second metal layer, the second insulating layer, and the pixel electrode layer; and a third through hole, formed among the first metal layer, the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer, and the pixel electrode layer. ### Claim 24 (depends on 22) The display device according to claim 22, wherein each of the pixel units further comprises: a connection pad structure, comprising: a second through hole, formed among the second metal layer, the second insulating layer, and the pixel electrode layer; and a third through hole, formed among the first metal layer, the first insulating layer, and the second metal layer. ### Claim 25 (depends on 19) The display device according to claim 19, wherein each of the pixel units further comprises: a pixel structure, comprising the equivalent bootstrap capacitor formed by the first metal layer, the first insulating layer, the second metal layer, the second insulating layer, and the pixel electrode layer. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The display device according to claim 25, wherein the pixel structure further comprises: a first through hole, formed among the second metal layer, the second insulating layer, the planarization layer, and the pixel electrode layer; and a second through hole, formed among the first metal layer, the first insulating layer, and the second metal layer. ### Claim 27 (depends on 25) The display device according to claim 25, wherein each of the pixel units further comprises: a connection pad structure, comprising: a third through hole, formed among the second metal layer, the second insulating layer, and the pixel electrode layer; and a fourth through hole, formed among the first metal layer, the first insulating layer, and the second metal layer. ### Claim 28 (depends on 1) The display device according to claim 1, further comprising: a substrate, wherein the pixel array is formed on the substrate; wherein each of the pixel units further comprises a first metal layer, a first insulating layer, a second metal layer, a second insulating layer, a planarization layer, a third metal layer, a third insulating layer, a pixel electrode layer, and an upper electrode layer patterned and selectively formed above the substrate. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The display device according to claim 28, wherein each of the pixel units further comprises: a pixel structure, comprising the equivalent bootstrap capacitor formed by the first metal layer, the first insulating layer, the second metal layer, the second insulating layer, the third metal layer, the third insulating layer, and the pixel electrode layer. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) The display device according to claim 29, wherein the pixel structure further comprises: a first through hole, formed among the second metal layer, the second insulating layer, the planarization layer, and the third metal layer; and a second through hole, formed among the first metal layer, the first insulating layer, and the second metal layer. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The display device according to claim 30, wherein the pixel structure further comprises: a third through hole, formed among the third metal layer, the third insulating layer, and the pixel electrode layer. ### Claim 32 (depends on 30) The display device according to claim 30, wherein each of the pixel units further comprises: a connection pad structure, comprising: a fourth through hole, formed among the pixel electrode layer, the third insulating layer, and the third metal layer; a fifth through hole, formed among the third metal layer, the second insulating layer, and the second metal layer; and a sixth through hole, formed among the second metal layer, the first insulating layer, and the first metal layer.