# US 2026/0095232 A1 · Near-field and far-field based beamforming switching > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2026/0095232 A1 - Document ID: US20260095232A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 19/312,067 - Filed: 2025-08-27 - Published: 2026-04-02 - Earliest claimed: 2024-09-27 - Assignees: Apple Inc. - Applicants: Apple Inc. - Inventors: Ankit Bhamri; Dawei Zhang; Haitong Sun; Wei Zeng; Weidong Yang; Hong He; Oghenekome Oteri - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20260095232A1 ## CPC - H04B 7/06952: {Selecting one or more beams from a plurality of beams, e.g. beam training, management or sweeping} - H01Q 3/30: varying the {relative} phase {between the radiating elements of an array (H01Q3/2605, H01Q3/2658, H01Q3/2682, H01Q3/44 take precedence)} - H04B 7/0617: {for beam forming} - H04B 17/328: {Reference signal received power [RSRP]; Reference signal received quality [RSRQ]} - H04B 17/336: Signal-to-interference ratio [SIR] or carrier-to-interference ratio [CIR] - H01Q 1/246: {specially adapted for base stations} - H01Q 3/34: by electrical means (active lenses or reflecting arrays H01Q3/46) - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H01Q: ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS (radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72) ## Abstract The present application relates to devices and components including apparatus, systems, and methods for determining and/or implementing near-field operation or far-field operation for beamforming. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method comprising: determining first at least one layer 1 measurement for a first beam on a first set of sub-bands; determining second at least one layer 1 measurement for a second beam on a second set of sub-bands; and determining whether near-field operation or far-field operation is to be implemented for beamforming based at least in part on a ratio of the second at least one layer 1 measurement on the second set of sub-bands to the first at least one layer 1 measurement on the first set of sub-bands. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein: the first set of sub-bands are middle sub-bands; the first at least one layer 1 measurement for the first beam includes first at least one layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) measurement, first at least one layer 1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (L1-SINR) measurement, or first at least one layer 1 reference signal received quality (RSRQ) measurement; and the second at least one layer 1 measurement for the second beam includes second at least one layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) measurement, second at least one layer 1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (L1-SINR) measurement, or second at least one layer 1 reference signal received quality (RSRQ) measurement. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether near-field operation or far-field operation is to be implemented includes determining whether the ratio exceeds a threshold. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein determining whether near-field operation or far-field operation is to be implemented includes determining to switch from far-field operation to near-field operation based at least in part on the ratio being below the threshold for at least a minimum configured duration. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein determining whether near-field operation or far-field operation is to be implemented includes determining to switch from near-field operation to far-field operation based at least in part on the ratio being above the threshold for at least a minimum configured duration. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether near-field operation or far-field operation is to be implemented includes determining whether to switch between near-field operation and far-field operation, and wherein the method further comprises: determining a value for binary information feedback based at least in part on determining whether to switch between near-field operation and far-field operation; or determining whether to report binary feedback on a configured uplink resource based at least in part on determining whether to switch between near-field operation and far-field operation. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: identifying an indication to switch between near-field operation and far-field operation, the indication provided via medium access control (MAC) control element (CE), downlink control information (DCI), or a combination of MAC CE and DCI. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining whether to switch between near-field operation and far-field operation based at least in part on: a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states; a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) activation of transmission TCI states; or a downlink control information (DCI) indication of a TCI state. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: identifying a radio resource control (RRC) configuration of a first set of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states for near-field operation and a second set of TCI states for far-field operation; identifying medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) activation of a sub-set of the first set of TCI states or the second set of TCI states; identifying downlink control information (DCI) indication of at least one TCI state from the sub-set; and implementing near-field operation or far-field operation in accordance with the at least one TCI state. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: identifying a configuration of at least one transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state for medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) activation, the at least one TCI state to be activated for: near-field operation; far-field operation; or both near-field operation and far-field operation. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: identifying a channel state information (CSI) report setting configuration with a resource set configured for near-field operation or a resource set configured for far-field operation, wherein the CSI report setting is configured for one of near-field operation or far-field operation. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: identifying a channel state information (CSI) report setting configuration with a resource set having at least one resource, each of the at least one resources configure for near-field operation or far-field operation, wherein the CSI report setting is configured for one of near-field operation or far-field operation. ### Claim 13 A method comprising: identifying an indication whether a user equipment (UE) recommends switching between near-field operation and far-field operation for beamforming; and determining whether to initiate a switch between near-field operation and far-field operation based at least in part on the indication. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein the indication comprises binary information, and wherein a value of the binary information indicates whether the UE recommends switching between near-field operation and far-field operation. ### Claim 15 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein identifying the indication comprises determining whether a report is received on a configured uplink (UL) resource, and wherein a presence or lack of presence of the report on the configured UL resource indicates whether the UE recommends switching between near-field operation and far-field operation. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, wherein determining whether to initiate the switch includes determining to initiate the switch, and wherein the method further comprises: generating a transmission to initiate the switch. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, wherein the transmission comprises: a radio resource control (RRC) transmission that indicates the switch is to be initiated; a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) transmission that indicates the switch is to be initiated; a downlink control information (DCI) transmission that indicates the switch is to be initiated; an RRC reconfiguration message for reconfiguration of transmission configuration information (TCI) states corresponding to the switch; an MAC CE activation message for activation of TCI states corresponding to the switch; or a DCI transmission that indicates a TCI state corresponding to the switch. ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, further comprising: configuring the UE with a first set of transmission configuration information (TCI) states corresponding to near-field operation and a second set of TCI states corresponding to far-field operation; and generating a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) transmission to activate a sub-set of the first set of TCI states or the second set of TCI states based at least in part on near-field operation or far-field operation to be implemented by the UE. ### Claim 19 An apparatus comprising: processing circuitry to: identify a transmission configuration information (TCI) state configuration for beamforming, the TCI state configuration including a first set of TCI states corresponding to near-field operation and a second set of TCI states corresponding to far-field operation; identify a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) that activates a sub-set of the first set of TCI states or the second set of TCI states; identify downlink control information (DCI) that indicates at least one TCI state for implementation from the sub-set; and implement near-field operation or far-field operation for beamforming in accordance with the at least one TCI state; and interface circuitry coupled with the processing circuitry, the interface circuitry to enable communication. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the processing circuitry is further to: determine whether beamforming is to be switched between near-field operation and far-field operation based at least in part on a layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP) of a sub-band; and provide an indication of whether beamforming is to be switched between near-field operation and far-field operation based at least in part on the determination whether beamforming is to be switched between near-field operation and far-field operation.