# US 2026/0093031 A1 · Method for determining electromagnetic properties of a non-uniform medium by means of a radio-frequency detection system

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- Number: US 2026/0093031 A1
- Document ID: US20260093031A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 19/343,548
- Filed: 2025-09-29
- Published: 2026-04-02
- Earliest claimed: 2024-10-02
- Applicants: Commissariat à L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives
- Inventors: Pascal PAGANI; Jean-Baptiste DORE; Raffaele D'ERRICO
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20260093031A1

## CPC

- G01S 13/885: {for ground probing (prospecting or detecting using electromagnetic waves G01V3/12)}
- G01V 3/12: operating with electromagnetic waves {(operating with millimetre waves G01V8/005)}
- G01V 3/15: specially adapted for use during transport, e.g. by a person, vehicle or boat
- G01V 3/38: Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01V: GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS (means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried, persons A63B29/02)

## Abstract

A method for determining electromagnetic properties of a non-uniform medium by a radio-frequency detection system. The method includes: determining a measurement of a frequency transfer function of a transmission channel characterizing the medium; determining a model of the frequency transfer function dependent on at least one positional variable and on at least one variable characterizing an electromagnetic property of the medium; determining a global estimation function estimating the correlation coefficient between the transfer function measurements and the models; searching for at least one local maximum of the estimation function in the domain defined by the at least one positional variable and the at least one variable characterizing an electromagnetic property of the medium; deducing therefrom at least one value of the variable characterizing the electromagnetic property of the medium as the one that makes it possible to obtain the local maximum.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A computer-implemented method for determining electromagnetic properties of a medium, comprising steps of:
determining, by means of a radio-frequency detection system comprising at least one transmitter and one receiver, for each pair associating one receiver and one transmitter, a measurement of a frequency transfer function of a transmission channel characterizing said medium,
determining, for each of said pairs, a model of said frequency transfer function dependent on at least one positional variable and on at least one variable characterizing an electromagnetic property of the medium,
determining, for each of said pairs, a correlation coefficient between the measurement of the frequency transfer function and the model,
determining a global estimation function estimating the correlation coefficient between the transfer function measurements and the models, for all pairs,
searching for at least one local maximum of the estimation function in the domain defined by the at least one positional variable and the at least one variable characterizing an electromagnetic property of the medium,
deducing therefrom at least one value of the variable characterizing the electromagnetic property of the medium as the one that makes it possible to obtain said local maximum.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method for determining electromagnetic properties of a medium according to claim 1, wherein the step of searching for at least one local maximum of the estimation function is carried out by means of multiple iterations of substeps of:
defining a first sampling level of the search space,
searching for a local maximum for this first sampling level,
reducing the search space around the local maximum and defining a second sampling level in the reduced search space, the step of the second sampling level being finer than the step of the first sampling level.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method for determining electromagnetic properties of a medium according to claim 1, wherein the step of searching for at least one local maximum of the estimation function comprises substeps of:
searching for a first local maximum of the estimation function,
determining the backscatter coefficient of the first scatterer associated with the first local maximum from said local maximum of the global estimation function,
determining the contribution of the first scatterer to the measurement of the frequency transfer function as equal to the product of the backscatter coefficient of the first scatterer and the value of the transfer function model taken at the coordinates of the first local maximum,
subtracting the contribution of the first scatterer from the measurement of the frequency transfer function,
iterating the preceding steps to search for another local maximum of the global estimation function determined from the corrected measurement of the frequency transfer function.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method for determining electromagnetic properties of a medium according to claim 1, wherein the at least one variable characterizing an electromagnetic property of the medium is selected from: the real part or imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity or permeability.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method for determining electromagnetic properties of a medium according to claim 1, comprising searching for multiple local maxima of the estimation function, each local maximum providing a position value for a scatterer of the medium and a value of the variable characterizing the electromagnetic property at said position.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method for determining electromagnetic properties of a medium according to claim 1, wherein the correlation coefficient is determined using a ZF, MMSE or MRC equalization method.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method for determining electromagnetic properties of a medium according to claim 1, wherein the global estimation function estimating the correlation coefficient is determined as an average of the correlation coefficients for all the pairs and for one or more discrete frequency values.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method for determining electromagnetic properties of a medium according to claim 7, wherein each correlation coefficient is weighted by a predefined weighting coefficient.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method for determining electromagnetic properties of a medium according to claim 1, wherein the at least one positional variable is a depth value and the method comprises a step of replacing, in the global estimation function, the depth variable with an electrical depth variable zel=z·√{square root over (Er′)}, where ε′r is the real part of the dielectric permittivity.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

A system for determining electromagnetic properties of a medium comprising a radio-frequency detection device comprising at least one transmitter and one receiver and a processing unit, the system being configured to implement the method according to claim 1.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The system according to claim 10, wherein the radio-frequency detection device is a ground-penetrating radar.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

A computer program comprising code instructions that cause a system, for determining electromagnetic properties of a medium comprising a radio-frequency detection device comprising at least one transmitter and one receiver and a processing unit, to execute the method according to claim 1.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

A computer-readable medium on which the computer program according to claim 12 is stored.