# US 2026/0092979 A1 · Circuitry for measurement of electrochemical cells

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- Number: US 2026/0092979 A1
- Document ID: US20260092979A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 19/413,562
- Filed: 2025-12-09
- Published: 2026-04-02
- Earliest claimed: 2022-05-25
- Assignees: Cirrus Logic International Semiconductor Ltd.
- Applicants: Cirrus Logic International Semiconductor Ltd.
- Inventors: John P. LESSO
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20260092979A1

## CPC

- G01R 31/389: Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
- G01R 31/367: Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
- G01R 31/385: Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables (for monitoring G01R31/382)
- G01R 31/392: Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)

## Abstract

Circuitry for determining an impedance of an electrochemical cell comprising at least one first electrode and a second electrode, the circuitry comprising: drive circuitry configured to apply a stimulus to the electrochemical cell, the stimulus having a stimulation frequency and a stimulation amplitude; and measurement circuitry configured to: measure an output of the electrochemical cell to generate an output signal; separate the output signal into a linear component and a non-linear component; and determine the impedance of the cell based on the linear component of the response.

## Claims

### Claim 1

Circuitry for determining an impedance of an electrochemical cell comprising at least one first electrode and a second electrode, the circuitry comprising:
drive circuitry configured to apply a stimulus to the at least one first electrode of electrochemical cell, the stimulus having a stimulation frequency and a stimulation amplitude; and
measurement circuitry configured to:
measure an output of the electrochemical cell to generate an output signal;
separate the output signal into a linear component and a non-linear component; and
determine the impedance of the cell based on the linear component of the response.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

Circuitry of claim 1, wherein the stimulus comprises a chirp signal.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

Circuitry of claim 2, wherein the chirp signal is an exponential chirp signal.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

Circuitry of claim 2, wherein the drive circuitry is configured to hold the at least one electrode at a first bias voltage, the chirp signal applied in addition to the first bias voltage.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

Circuitry of claim 4, wherein the electrochemical cell comprises a reference electrode, the drive circuitry configured to provide the first bias voltage to the reference electrode.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

Circuitry of claim 1, wherein the stimulus is configured to induce a linear response from the electrochemical cell to generate the linear component and a non-linear response from the electrochemical cell to generate the non-linear component.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

Circuitry of claim 1, wherein separating the output signal comprises:
deconvolving the output signal with the stimulus.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

Circuitry of claim 1, wherein separating the output signal comprises:
weighting the stimulus to generate a weighted stimulus; and
deconvolving the output signal with the weighted stimulus.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

Circuitry of claim 8, wherein weighting the stimulus comprises whitening the stimulus.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

Circuitry of claim 8, wherein weighting the stimulus comprises:
time-reversing the stimulus to generate the weighted stimulus.

### Claim 11 (depends on 7)

Circuitry of claim 7, wherein prior to separating the output signal the measurement circuitry is configured to:
convert the output signal into the frequency domain, wherein deconvolution is performed in the frequency domain.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

Circuitry of claim 11, wherein deconvolving the output signal with the stimulus comprises:
performing a point-wise division of the converted output signal by a Fourier transform of the stimulus.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

Circuitry of claim 11, wherein deconvolving the output signal with the stimulus comprises:
performing a point-wise multiplication of the converted output signal by a Fourier transform of an inverse of the stimulus.

### Claim 14 (depends on 12)

Circuitry of claim 12, wherein deconvolving the output signal is implemented with regularisation.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

Circuitry of claim 1, wherein the measurement circuitry is configured to:
determine a condition of the electrochemical cell based on the non-linear component of the response.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

Circuitry of claim 15, wherein the condition comprises ageing of the electrochemical cell.

### Claim 17 (depends on 15)

Circuitry of claim 15, wherein the measurement circuitry is configured to separate the non-linear component into a plurality of different harmonics.

### Claim 18 (depends on 15)

Circuitry of claim 15, wherein the measurement circuitry is configured to:
monitor a characteristic of the non-linear component of the response over time; and
determine a condition of the electrochemical cell based on a change in the characteristic.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

Circuitry of claim 18, wherein the characteristic comprises an amplitude of harmonic distortion in the measured response.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

Circuitry of claim 19, wherein the characteristic comprises an amplitude of second order harmonic distortion in the measured response.

### Claim 21 (depends on 17)

Circuitry of claim 17, wherein the condition comprises a fault associated with the electrochemical cell, and wherein determining the fault comprises:
determining that an amplitude of harmonic distortion in the measured response exceeds a predetermined threshold.

### Claim 22 (depends on 1)

Circuitry of claim 1, wherein the measurement circuitry is configured to:
calibrate the linear component of the measured response based on the non-linear component of the response.

### Claim 23 (depends on 1)

Circuitry of claim 1, wherein the output signal is an output voltage, wherein the measurement circuitry comprises:
a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) configured to convert the output of the electrochemical cell to the output voltage; and
an analog-to-digital converter configured to convert the output voltage to a digital output voltage.

### Claim 24 (depends on 1)

Circuitry of claim 1, wherein the output signal is an output voltage, wherein the measurement circuitry comprises:
a current conveyor configured to convert the output of the electrochemical cell to the output voltage; and
an analog-to-digital converter configured to convert the output voltage to a digital output voltage.

### Claim 25 (depends on 1)

A system, comprising:
circuitry of claim 1; and
the electrochemical cell.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The system of claim 25, wherein the electrochemical cell comprises an electrochemical sensor.

### Claim 27 (depends on 25)

The system of claim 25, wherein the electrochemical cell comprises a battery cell.

### Claim 28 (depends on 1)

An electronic device, comprising the circuitry of claim 1.

### Claim 29 (depends on 28)

The electronic device of claim 28, wherein the device comprises one of a continuous glucose monitor, a mobile computing device, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a games console, a remote control device, a home automation controller or a domestic appliance, a tov, a robot, an audio player, a video player, or a mobile telephone, and a smartphone.

### Claim 30

(canceled)