Molecular coatings and methods of making and using the same

A method of coating a surface, the method comprising:

• applying a coating to the surface to achieve one or more of an antimicrobial effect, signal-enhanced sensing;
• drug elution, controlled release of therapeutics, use in food or beverage packaging, use as a catalytic system, detection, or resistance to material build-up on the surface, thereby forming a molecularly coated surface represented by Formula I:
• wherein,
• S represents a surface and -A(-X)m represents the molecular coating;
• A is represented by Formula AI and/or AII:
• where * indicates a bond to X;
• indicates a bond to S;
• R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12 are independently selected from —H, C1 to C6 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or hydroxy, C1 to C6 alkenyl optionally substituted with halogen or hydroxy, C1 to C6 alkynyl optionally substituted with halogen or hydroxy, C1 to C6 alkoxy, hydroxyl, halogen, C1 to C6 haloalkyl, C1 to C6 haloalkoxy, a mono-substituted amine(C1 to C6 alkyl), a di-substituted amine(C1 to C6 alkyl), a diamino-group, a polyamino, a diether-group, and a polyether;
• and
• X is a moiety independently selected from an —OH, adamantyl, nitro- (—NO2), napthyl, anthracenyl, perfluorooctanoic acid, pyronine Y, pyronine B, carboranyl, ferrocenyl, azobenzene, tricyclooctyl, perfluorooctyl, an antimicrobial agent, a dye, C1 to C10 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or hydroxy groups, C1 to C10 alkenyl optionally substituted with halogen or hydroxy, C1 to C10 alkynyl optionally substituted with halogen or hydroxy, C1 to C10 alkoxy, C1 to C18 haloalkyl, C1 to C10 haloalkoxy, a mono-substituted amine(C1 to C10 alkyl) (wherein the C1 to C10 alkyl is optional substituted with halogen or hydroxy groups), a di-substituted amine(C1 to C10 alkyl) (wherein the C1 to C10 alkyl is optional substituted with halogen or hydroxy groups), a diamino-group, a polyamino, a diether-group, and a polyether, any one of which can be functionalized to the cyclodextrin via an ether, an amine, an ester, an amide, a silanol, or a carbon bond;
• A is an anchor moiety covalently bonded to S;
• X is a pendant moiety bonded to A;
• m is an integer between 1 and 5;
• and
• wherein the coated surface has different physical properties and/or chemical properties than the surface prior to coating.

A molecularly coated surface comprising a coating and a surface, the molecularly coated surface represented by Formula II:

• where
• S represents the surface and the coating comprises -A(-X)m;
• A is an anchor moiety covalently bonded to S;
• A is represented by Formula AI and/or AII:
• where * indicates a bond to X;
• indicates a bond to S;
• R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12 are independently selected from —H, C1 to C6 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or hydroxy, C1 to C6 alkenyl optionally substituted with halogen or hydroxy, C1 to C6 alkynyl optionally substituted with halogen or hydroxy, C1 to C6 alkoxy, hydroxyl, halogen, C1 to C6 haloalkyl, C1 to C6 haloalkoxy, a mono-substituted amine(C1 to C6 alkyl), a di-substituted amine(C1 to C6 alkyl), a diamino-group, a polyamino, a diether-group, and a polyether-;
• and
• X is a moiety independently selected from an —OH, adamantyl, nitro- (—NO2), napthyl, anthracenyl, perfluorooctanoic acid, pyronine Y, pyronine B, carboranyl, ferrocenyl, azobenzene, tricyclooctyl, perfluorooctyl, an antimicrobial agent, a dye, C1 to C10 alkyl optionally substituted with halogen or hydroxy groups, C1 to C10 alkenyl optionally substituted with halogen or hydroxy, C1 to C10 alkynyl optionally substituted with halogen or hydroxy, C1 to C10 alkoxy, C1 to C18 haloalkyl, C1 to C10 haloalkoxy, a mono-substituted amine(C1 to C10 alkyl) (wherein the C1 to C10 alkyl is optional substituted with halogen or hydroxy groups), a di-substituted amine(C1 to C10 alkyl) (wherein the C1 to C10 alkyl is optional substituted with halogen or hydroxy groups), a diamino-group, a polyamino, a diether-group, and a polyether, any one of which can be functionalized to the cyclodextrin via an ether, an amine, an ester, an amide, a silanol, or a carbon bond;
• X is a guest moiety covalently bonded to A and configured to bind to a host molecule;
• m is an integer between 1 and 5;
• Y is the host molecule;
• and
• q is an integer between 1 and 5;
• wherein the molecularly coated surface is configured confer a desired surface property on the coated surface.