Systems and methods for electrochemical energy storage and related processes

A system comprising:

• a liquid-metal electrode, wherein a first redox half-reaction is to occur at an interface between a first substance and the liquid-metal electrode;
• an electrolyte, wherein the liquid-metal electrode is in between the first substance and the electrolyte;
• a counter-electrode in contact with the electrolyte and separate from the liquid-metal electrode, wherein a second redox half-reaction is to occur at the counter-electrode, the first redox half-reaction and the second redox half-reaction are a corresponding pair of redox half-reactions, the liquid-metal electrode and the counter-electrode are an electrode pair, cations are to exit one of the pair of redox half-reactions at one of the electrode pair and to transit through the electrolyte and the liquid-metal electrode to participate in the other of the pair of redox half-reactions that is to occur at the other of the electrode pair;
• and
• circuitry electrically coupled to the liquid-metal electrode and to the counter-electrode, the circuitry being configured to convert between electrical energy and chemical bond energy through an electro-chemical redox reaction of the pair of redox half-reactions.