An early warning and emergency device for a sudden stress change in surrounding rock, comprising a front shell, a rotating body, a rear shell, a driving device, a stress monitoring unit, an acoustic and optical early warning unit, a high-pressure jet mechanism, and a data analysis controller, where the front shell and the rear shell are both of a tubular structure, the front shell is located in front of the rear shell, the front shell and the rear shell have the same outer diameter and are arranged coaxially, the front shell has a closed front end, and its rear end is connected to a front end of the rear shell through the rotating body;
- the interiors of tube walls of the front shell and the rear shell are both annular cavities with closed ends, a stress monitoring unit is provided inside each of the annular cavities of the front shell and the rear shell, there are a plurality of water guide grooves on an outer side wall of the rear shell, the data analysis controller is disposed on the inner side of the rear shell and is communicatively connected to the stress monitoring units;
- a positioning module and a wireless communication module are also provided inside the rear shell, the data analysis controller is connected to a downhole gateway through the wireless communication module;
- the acoustic and optical early warning unit is disposed at the rear end of the rear shell and is communicatively connected to the data analysis controller;
- a front end of the rotating body is located inside the front shell and is rotationally sealed with the front shell, and a rear end thereof is located inside the rear shell and is rotationally sealed with the rear shell;
- the driving device is disposed inside the front shell, and comprises a servo motor and a gear mechanism, an output end of the servo motor drives, through the gear mechanism, the rotating body to rotate relative to the front shell 1 and the rear shell;
- the high-pressure jet mechanism comprises a water supply pipe I, a rotary joint, a water supply pipe II, a high-pressure nozzle, and a direction adjustment assembly, the water supply pipe I is located on an inner side of the rear shell, a front end of the water supply pipe I, through the rotary joint, is connected to and communicated with one end of the water supply pipe II arranged on the rotating body, and a rear end thereof passes through the rear shell and can be connected to a high-pressure water supply device;
- the high-pressure nozzle is mounted on the water supply pipe II, and the direction adjustment assembly is arranged on the rotating body, the direction of the high-pressure nozzle is controlled by driving the water supply pipe II to rotate around the rotary joint;
- the front shell comprises a first outer tube body and a first inner tube body, the first inner tube body is located on an inner side of the first outer tube body and is arranged coaxially therewith;
- a rear end of the first outer tube body is connected to a rear end of the first inner tube body through a first annular rubber sheet, the first annular rubber sheet seals the annular cavity inside the front shell;
- there are a plurality of first springs evenly arranged in a ring shape between the first inner tube body and the first outer tube body, each group of first springs comprises a plurality of first springs arranged at intervals along an axial direction of the first inner tube body, each first spring is arranged along a normal direction of a cross section of the first inner tube body;
- the rear shell comprises a second outer tube body and a second inner tube body, the second outer tube body and the second inner tube body are both straight circular tubes, the second inner tube body is located on an inner side of the second outer tube body and is arranged coaxially therewith;
- front and rear ends of the second outer tube body are connected to corresponding ends of the second inner tube body through a second annular rubber sheet, respectively;
- the second annular rubber sheet seals the annular cavity inside the rear shell;
- there are a plurality of second springs evenly arranged in a ring shape between the second inner tube body and the second outer tube body, each group of second springs comprises a plurality of second springs arranged at intervals along an axial direction of the second inner tube body, each second spring is arranged along a normal direction of a cross section of the second inner tube body;
- each of the stress monitoring units comprises a plurality of groups of strain gauges arranged at intervals in sequence along the axial direction of the front shell, each group of strain gauges comprises twelve strain gauges evenly arranged in a ring shape on a circumferential outer wall of the first inner tube body or the second inner tube body, all the strain gauges are electrically connected to the data analysis controller;
- a circumferential inner wall of the first outer tube body is provided with pressure-guiding columns whose number is equal to and positions correspond to that of the strain gauges on the first inner tube body, and a circumferential inner wall of the second outer tube body is provided with pressure-guiding columns whose number is equal to and positions correspond to that of the strain gauges on the second inner tube body, the pressure-guiding columns are of a conical structure, with their pointed ends directly opposite to the strain gauges.