Core-shell nanoparticle having a nitrogen-vacancy nanodiamond core surrounded by an upconversion nanoparticle shell for enhanced quantum sensing and laser cooling

A film comprising a core-shell nanoparticle,

• wherein the core-shell nanoparticle comprises a cleaned nitrogen-vacancy nanodiamond (NVND) core surrounded by an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) shell,
• wherein the cleaned nitrogen-vacancy nanodiamond (NVND) core comprises a nitrogen-vacancy nanodiamond,
• wherein the UCNP shell comprises an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP),
• wherein the UCNP comprises lithium yttrium fluoride (LiYF4) doped with a lanthanide ion combination,
• wherein the lanthanide ion combination comprises a M1 ion and a M2 ion, wherein M1 is ytterbium (Yb) or neodymium (Nd) and M2 is erbium (Er), thulium (Tm) or holmium (Ho), and
• wherein the core-shell nanoparticle emits a red-emission upon a near-infrared (NIR) excitation.

A suspension comprising a core-shell nanoparticle,

• wherein the core-shell nanoparticle comprises a cleaned nitrogen-vacancy nanodiamond (NVND) core surrounded by an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) shell,
• wherein the cleaned nitrogen-vacancy nanodiamond (NVND) core comprises a cleaned nitrogen-vacancy nanodiamond,
• wherein the UCNP shell comprises an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP),
• wherein the UCNP comprises lithium yttrium fluoride (LiYF4) doped with a lanthanide ion combination,
• wherein the lanthanide ion combination comprises a M1 ion and a M2 ion, wherein M1 is ytterbium (Yb) or neodymium (Nd) and M2 is erbium (Er), thulium (Tm) or holmium (Ho), and
• wherein the core-shell nanoparticle emits a red-emission upon a near-infrared (NIR) excitation.

A bio-labeled molecule for detection of red-emission comprising a biomolecule labeled with a core-shell nanoparticle,

• wherein the core-shell nanoparticle comprises a cleaned nitrogen-vacancy nanodiamond (NVND) core surrounded by an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) shell,
• wherein the cleaned nitrogen-vacancy nanodiamond (NVND) core comprises a cleaned nitrogen-vacancy nanodiamond,
• wherein the UCNP shell comprises an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP),
• wherein the UCNP comprises lithium yttrium fluoride (LiYF4) doped with a lanthanide ion combination,
• wherein the lanthanide ion combination comprises a M1 ion and a M2 ion, wherein M1 is ytterbium (Yb) or neodymium (Nd) and M2 is erbium (Er), thulium (Tm) or holmium (Ho), and
• wherein the core-shell nanoparticle emits a red-emission upon a near-infrared (NIR) excitation.

A bio-labeled molecule for quantum laser-cooling comprising a biomolecule labeled with core-shell nanoparticle,

• wherein the core-shell nanoparticle comprises a cleaned nitrogen-vacancy nanodiamond (NVND) core surrounded by an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) shell,
• wherein the cleaned nitrogen-vacancy nanodiamond (NVND) core comprises a cleaned nitrogen-vacancy (NV) nanodiamond,
• wherein the UCNP shell comprises an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP),
• wherein the UCNP comprises lithium yttrium fluoride (LiYF4) doped with a lanthanide ion combination,
• wherein the lanthanide ion combination comprises a M1 ion and a M2 ion, wherein M1 is ytterbium (Yb) or neodymium (Nd) and M2 is erbium (Er), thulium (Tm) or holmium (Ho), and
• wherein the core-shell nanoparticle emits a red-emission upon a near-infrared (NIR) excitation, and
• wherein the bio-labeled molecule enables laser cooling ranging from about 5° C. to 25° C. in physiological media.

A quantum-sensing molecule comprising a core-shell nanoparticle,

• wherein the core-shell nanoparticle comprises a cleaned nitrogen-vacancy nanodiamond (NVND) core surrounded by an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) shell,
• wherein the cleaned nitrogen-vacancy nanodiamond (NVND) core comprises a cleaned nitrogen-vacancy (NV) nanodiamond,
• wherein the UCNP shell comprises an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP),
• wherein the UCNP comprises lithium yttrium fluoride (LiYF4) doped with a lanthanide ion combination,
• wherein the lanthanide ion combination comprises a M1 ion and a M2 ion, wherein M1 is ytterbium (Yb) or neodymium (Nd) and M2 is erbium (Er), thulium (Tm) or holmium (Ho), and
• wherein the core-shell nanoparticle emits a red-emission upon a near-infrared (NIR) excitation.