Synthesis of membranes grafted with amine-modified metal oxide for water treatment

Abstract

Methods of producing membranes, and membranes for metal and/or hydrocarbon removal. The methods include synthesizing an amine-modified metal oxide, wherein the amine-modified metal oxide comprises a metal oxide component and a water-soluble amino acid derivative having a 1:1 ratio of metal oxide components to water-soluble amino acid derivative; dissolving a water-soluble polymer and a polyvinylidene fluoride and the amine-functionalized metal oxide to form a polymer solution; casting the polymer solution into a mold to form a substrate membrane; coating the substrate membrane with a polyamide; and forming a membrane, wherein the amine-functionalized metal oxide is covalently connected to the polyvinylidene fluoride.

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.