Nanopore systems and methods for single-molecule polymer profiling

A method comprising:

• (a) providing:
• (i) a nanopore system, wherein the nanopore system comprises (1) a fluidic chamber and;
• (2) a membrane that separates the fluidic chamber into a first side and a second side;
• and (3) at least a portion of a nanopore disposed in the membrane;
• and
• (ii) a non-nucleic acid based polymer analyte, wherein the non-nucleic acid based polymer analyte comprises a linear length greater than a channel length of the nanopore and an elongated structure;
• (b) translocating the non-nucleic acid based polymer analyte from the first side toward the second side of the fluidic chamber, wherein the nanopore system has an electro-osmotic force resulting from a net ionic current flow from the first side to the second side, wherein the electro-osmotic force translocates the non-nucleic acid based polymer analyte against an electrophoretic force acting in a direction opposite the electro-osmotic force.