An antibody which specifically binds to a hapten being fentanyl or a derivative thereof, said antibody binding to the hapten with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of at most 1.000 pM, at most 800 pM, at most 600 pM, at most 400 pM, at most 200 pM, at most 100 pM or at most 75 pM, wherein the binding pocket for the hapten comprises amino acids from all three complementary determining regions (CDRs) of each chain and wherein said antibody is capable of protecting mice from adverse fentanyl actions when administered at a dosage (antibody compound (mg)/mouse body weight (kg)) of at most 10 mg/kg, at most 8 mg/kg, at most 6 mg/kg, at most 5 mg/kg, at most 4 mg/kg at most 3 mg/kg at most 2 mg/kg or at most 1 mg/kg.