Systems and methods for surgical training model

A method for creating a surgical training model, the method comprising:

• (a) providing a bony structure selected from a bone model or bone cadaveric tissue;
• (b) placing the bony structure in a cavity model that emulates an animal body cavity;
• (c) combining polyvinyl acetate, a crystallization agent, and a basic catalyst to form a mixture, and placing the mixture on top of the bony structure, wherein the polyvinyl acetate is crosslinked thereby forming a first layer in the cavity model on top of the bony structure, wherein the first layer emulates one or more tissues of an animal musculoskeletal system;
• and
• (d) placing a second layer over the first layer in the cavity model, wherein the second layer emulates an animal fat tissue, wherein step (d) comprises combining a first mixture including polyvinyl acetate, and a second mixture including a second crystallization agent and a second basic catalyst wherein the polyvinyl acetate is crosslinked thereby forming the second layer.

A surgical training model apparatus comprising:

• a cavity model that emulates an animal body cavity;
• a bone model placed in the cavity model, wherein the bone model is 3D printed from a thermoplastic polymer;
• and
• a first layer on top of the bone model, wherein the first layer emulates one or more tissues of an animal musculoskeletal system, wherein the first layer comprises a reaction product of polyvinyl acetate, a crystallization agent, and a basic catalyst.