Hydrogen production via steam reforming over red-mud supported nickel catalyst and methods of preparation thereof

2:

• The method of claim 1, wherein the reactor is at least one selected from the group consisting of a fixed-bed reactor, a trickle-bed reactor, a moving bed reactor, a rotating bed reactor, a fluidized bed reactor, and a slurry reactor.

4:

• The method of claim 1, wherein the H2 is present in the H2-containing feed gas stream at a concentration of 90 to 99.99 vol. % based on a total volume of the H2-containing feed gas stream.

5:

• The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon is present in the hydrocarbon-containing fluid at a concentration of 50 to 95 vol. % based on a total volume of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid.

6:

• The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon-containing fluid further comprises an inert gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, argon, and helium.

7:

• The method of claim 1, wherein a flow rate of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid to the water vapor stream introduced into the reactor is about 5:1 to 1:5.

8:

• The method of claim 1, wherein the introducing and passing of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid and the water vapor stream through the reactor is performed at a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of about 4.5 h−1 at a temperature of about 700° C.

9:

• The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon-containing fluid is a diesel oil comprising one or more C8 to C25 aliphatic hydrocarbons.

10:

• The method of claim 9, wherein the hydrocarbon-containing fluid comprises dodecane.

11:

• The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon-containing fluid is dodecane, and wherein the residue gas stream comprises H2, BTX, C5-C6 hydrocarbon, a C4 olefin, propylene, ethylene, ethane, methane, CO, CO2, or mixtures thereof.

12:

• The method of claim 11, wherein the BTX comprises benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene, or mixtures thereof.

13:

• The method of claim 11, wherein the C5-C6 hydrocarbon comprises pentane, pentene, pentyne, hexane, hexene, hexyne, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, or mixtures thereof.

14:

• The method of claim 1, wherein the method has a hydrocarbon conversion of at least to 85% based on an initial weight of the hydrocarbon present in the hydrocarbon-containing fluid.

15:

• The method of claim 14, wherein the method has a H2 yield of 50 to 80% based on the hydrocarbon conversion.

17:

• The method of claim 16, wherein the red mud material has an average particle size of about 80 to 150 μm.

18:

• The method of claim 16, wherein the calcining is performed at a temperature of about 750° C.

19:

• The method of claim 16, wherein the nickel salt comprises nickel sulfate, nickel acetate, nickel citrate, nickel iodide, nickel chloride, nickel perchlorate, nickel nitrate, nickel phosphate, nickel triflate, nickel bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, nickel tetrafluoroborate, nickel bromide, and/or its hydrate.

20:

• The method of claim 16, wherein the adjusting the pH is performed by adding an alkali solution into the first mixture, and wherein the alkali solution comprises at least one alkali salt selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), potassium carbonate (K2CO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), calcium carbonate (Ca2CO3), or mixtures thereof.